Theabin wanke hannu Nau'in surfactants wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke ba wa surfactants damar amfaninsu mafi amfani. Yana da hannu a rayuwar yau da kullun ta dubban gidaje. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban da kowane nau'in samar da masana'antu.
Tasirin antistatic na surfactants
Zare, robobi, da sauran kayayyaki galibi suna samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri saboda gogayya, wanda ke shafar aikin amfani da samfuransu. Misali, idan yadudduka na fiber suna ɗauke da wutar lantarki mai tsauri, sau da yawa suna da matsaloli kamar "manne jiki" ko "mannewa mai tsauri", da kuma kasancewa cikin saurin shan ƙura ko yin datti. Tasirin wutar lantarki mai tsauri akan kayayyakin filastik ya fi girma. Ba wai kawai samfuran suna jawo ƙura cikin sauƙi ba, suna shafar bayyananniyar su, tsabtar saman su da kuma kamanninsu, har ma suna rage amfani da ƙimar kayayyakin.
Don kawar da wannan yanayin wutar lantarki mai tsauri, galibi ana amfani da hanyar antistatic ta surfactant a halin yanzu. Irin waɗannan surfactants ana kiransu da sunaye daban-daban.maganin hana kumburi (antistatic) wakilai.
- Abubuwan da ke faruwa na Electrostatic da dalilan su
Duk da cewa akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin sakamakon da masu bincike daban-daban suka samu game da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta fiber, zare masu alaƙa da amide kamar ulu, nailan, da ulu na wucin gadi galibi suna da caji mai kyau.
Matsayin caji na lantarki na abubuwa, daga mai kyau zuwa mara kyau, shine kamar haka: (+) Polyurethane – Gashi – Nailan – Ulu – Siliki – Fiber Viscose – Auduga – Roba Mai Tauri – Fiber Acetate – Vinyl – Polypropylene – Polyester – Polyacrylonitrile – Polyvinyl Chloride – Vinyl Chloride – Acrylonitrile Copolymer – Polyethylene – Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Duk da cewa ba a fahimci dalilin samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri ba tukuna, ana kyautata zaton cewa idan nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban suka yi karo da juna, ana samar da cajin motsi tsakanin abubuwan da aka goge, don haka suna samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri. Ana iya tantance nau'in cajin da abu ke ɗauka ta hanyar samun ko asarar electrons. Idan abu ya rasa electrons, yana samun caji mai kyau; idan ya sami electrons, yana samun caji mara kyau.
- Wakili mai hana kumburi
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri:
Hanyar zahiri: Tunda girman wutar lantarki mai tsauri yana shafar yanayin zafi da danshi, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin zahiri kamar daidaita zafin jiki da danshi, da kuma fitar da iskar corona don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri a saman abubuwa.
Hanyar sinadarai ta saman: Wato, amfani da surfactants, wanda aka fi sani da antistatic agents, don yin maganin saman zare da kayayyakin filastik ko kuma a haɗa su da robobi don cimma manufar kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri.
2.I. Magungunan hana kumburi ga zaruruwa
Sharuɗɗan da magungunan antistatic ya kamata su cika:
(1) Kada a canza yanayin zare da hannu;
(2) Kyakkyawan tasirin antistatic, ƙaramin allurai, kuma har yanzu yana da tasiri a ƙananan yanayin zafi;
(3) Kyakkyawan jituwa da zare na resin;
(4) Kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran ƙari;
(5) Babu wani abu mai kumfa kuma babu tabon ruwa;
(6) Ba ya da guba kuma ba ya cutar da fata;
(7) Zai iya kiyaye kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.
2.2. Nau'ikan magungunan hana sa maye
Manyan nau'ikan magungunan hana kumburi da ake amfani da su don zare sune cationic da amphoteric ionic surfactants.
2.3. Tsarin aikin magungunan hana sata
Tsarin hana tsatsa na surfactants da ake amfani da su don hana tsatsa na fiber yana bayyana ne ta fannoni biyu: hana samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri lokacin da aka goge saman yadin zare da kuma watsar da cajin saman. Hana wutar lantarki mai gogayya yana da alaƙa da tsarin surfactants; yayin da watsar da cajin saman yana da alaƙa da yawan shaye-shaye da kuma yawan hygroscopic na surfactants akan yadin zare.
Masu binciken cationic za su iya shiga cikin sauƙi a saman zaruruwan da aka caji ta hanyar cajinsu masu kyau.
①Yana iya kawar da cajin saman zare;
②Tunda cationic surfactants suna shaƙa a saman zare tare da ions na ammonium quaternary masu caji mai kyau, kuma sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon masu kama da hydrophobic suna fuskantar waje, suna samar da fim ɗin shaƙa mai daidaitawa wanda aka haɗa da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon akan saman zare. Wannan fim ɗin shaƙa zai iya rage ƙarfin gogayya da ake samu akan saman zare yayin gogayya, ta haka yana raunana yanayin gogayya na wutar lantarki.
Ga zaruruwan roba masu ƙarancin polarity da ƙarfi na hydrophobicity, cationic surfactants suna shiga saman zare ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals tare da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu na hydrophobic, yayin da ƙungiyoyin ammonium na polar quaternary suna fuskantar waje, suna rufe saman zare da ƙungiyoyin polar hydrophilic. Wannan ba wai kawai yana ƙara yawan watsawar saman zare ba, har ma yana ƙara danshi a saman sa, wanda ke da amfani ga wargaza wutar lantarki mai tsauri da gogayya ke haifarwa kuma yana taka rawa wajen hana staticness.
Adadin shaƙar dioctadecyl ammonium chloride a saman zaruruwan halitta ya fi na zaruruwan roba yawa. Wannan yana nuna cewa yana da tasirin hana rikitar da zaruruwan halitta.
Kamar surfactants na cationic, amphoteric ionic surfactants suna ɗauke da caji mai kyau kuma suna iya shaƙa a saman zaruruwan da aka caji mara kyau don magance cajin da ke tsaye. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic ɗinsu suma suna da tasirin rage gogayya. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da surfactants na cationic, suna da ƙarin ƙungiyar anionic a cikin tsarin ƙwayoyin halittarsu, don haka suna iya ƙara danshi da kuma watsar da caji. Saboda haka, amphoteric ionic surfactants wakilai ne masu hana static tare da kyakkyawan aiki, amma farashinsu yana da tsada sosai.
Sinadaran anionic da non-ionic suna da mummunan tasirin antistatic saboda ƙarancin shaye-shaye a saman zare. Yawan shaye-shayen surfactants marasa ionic ya fi na anionic girma saboda ba ya shafar tasirin saman zare, amma tasirinsu akan wargajewar static yana da rauni, don haka ikon antistatic ɗinsu ya fi muni fiye da na cationic da amphoteric ionic surfactants.
- Maganin hana kumburi ga robobi
Tsarin aikin surfactants a matsayin magungunan hana rikitar da robobi: Surfactants suna shaƙa a saman robobi ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals tare da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu masu kama da hydrophobic, yayin da ƙungiyoyin polar ɗinsu ke miƙewa waje, suna samar da fim ɗin shaƙar surfactants mai daidaitawa akan saman robobi. Wannan fim ɗin yana samar da wutar lantarki, yana ba da damar cajin da ke tsaye ya watse sosai. A lokaci guda, fim ɗin shaƙar na iya rage gogayya a saman robobi.
An rarraba magungunan antistatic na filastik bisa ga nau'in surfactant zuwa:
(1) Nau'in anionic;
(2) Nau'in Cationic;
(3) Nau'in ionic na amphoteric;
(4) Nau'in da ba na ionic ba.
Ana iya raba magungunan antistatic zuwa rukuni biyu dangane da hanyar amfani da su:
(1) Magungunan hana kumburi masu rufi da saman fata;
(2) Magungunan hana kumburi irin na masu haɗaka.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-12-2026