Kayan wankewa namasu surfactantsshine babban siffa da ke bai wa surfactants mafi kyawun aikace-aikacensu na aiki. Yana da hannu a rayuwar yau da kullun ta dubban gidaje kuma ana ƙara amfani da shi a kowane fanni na rayuwa da kuma hanyoyin samar da masana'antu daban-daban.
Tasirin Antistaticna Surfactants
Zare, robobi da sauran kayayyaki galibi suna samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri saboda gogayya, wanda ke lalata aikin amfani da su. Misali, yadudduka masu tsaurin kai galibi suna fuskantar matsaloli kamar mannewa da jiki, mannewa mai tsauri, da kuma sha ƙura da yin datti. Mummunan tasirin wutar lantarki mai tsauri akan kayayyakin filastik ya fi tsanani. Kayayyakin filastik masu tsaurin kai ba wai kawai suna sha ƙura cikin sauƙi ba, wanda ke lalata bayyananniya, tsaftar saman da kuma bayyanar kayayyakin, har ma yana rage aikinsu da ƙimarsu.
Domin kawar da irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke faruwa a tsaye, ana amfani da hanyar antistatic ta surfactant sosai a halin yanzu. Irin waɗannan surfactants ana kiransu da antistatic agents.
Sashe na 1 Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Tsaye da Dalilansu
Duk da cewa akwai wasu bambance-bambance a sakamakon jerin zare na lantarki da aka samu ta hanyar gwaji daban-daban, zare da ke ɗauke da haɗin amide kamar ulu, nailan da ulu na wucin gadi suna da caji mai kyau. An nuna matsayin wutar lantarki na robobi na gama gari a cikin Jadawali na 10.-2. Jerin abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su daga masu kyau zuwa marasa kyau an jera su a ƙasa:
(+) Polyurethane–Gashi–Nailan–Ulu–Siliki–Zaren viscose–Auduga–Roba mai tauri–Cellulose acetate fiber–Vinyllon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-).
Ba a fahimci ainihin hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai motsi sosai ba, duk da haka akwai yarjejeniya cewa wutar lantarki mai motsi tana tasowa ne daga cajin wayar hannu da ake samu tsakanin abubuwa lokacin da nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban ke goga juna. Nau'in cajin da abu ke ɗauka ana tantance shi ta hanyar samun ko asarar electrons. Abu yana samun caji mai kyau lokacin da ya rasa electrons kuma yana samun caji mara kyau lokacin da ya sami electrons.
Sashe na 2 Magungunan hana hana tsufa
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri:
(1) Hanyoyin zahiri. Tunda girman wutar lantarki mai tsauri yana shafar yanayin zafi da danshi, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin zahiri kamar daidaita zafin jiki da danshi da kuma fitar da iskar corona don cire wutar lantarki mai tsauri a saman kayan.
(2) Hanyoyin sinadarai na saman, wato amfani da surfactants (wanda kuma ake kira antistatic agents) don gudanar da maganin saman akan zare da kayayyakin filastik ko haɗa su da robobi don cimma manufar kawar da su ta tsaye.
1. Magungunan hana kumburi ga zaruruwa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na magungunan antistatic:
(1) Kada a canza yadda zare ke ji da hannu; (2) Kyakkyawan aiki mai hana kumburi tare da ƙarancin allurai da inganci a ƙananan yanayin zafi; (3) Kyakkyawan jituwa da zaren resin; (4) Kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran kayan taimako; (5) Babu kumfa kuma babu samuwar tabo na ruwa; (6) Ba ya da guba kuma ba ya ƙaiƙayi ga fata; (7) Kula da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.
Nau'ikan magungunan antistatic
Manyan nau'ikan magungunan hana kumburi da ake amfani da su don zare sune cationic da amphoteric surfactants.
Tsarin aikin magungunan antistatic
Tsarin hana tsatsa na surfactants da ake amfani da su don hana tsatsa yana bayyana ne a fannoni biyu: hana tsatsa na samar da tsatsa lokacin da aka sanya masaku na fiber cikin matsala da kuma sauƙaƙe watsar da cajin saman. Hana wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi yana da alaƙa da tsarin surfactants, yayin da watsar da cajin saman yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin sha da kuma hygroscopicity na surfactants akan masaku na fiber.
Cationic surfactants na iya shiga cikin saman zare mai caji mara kyau ta hanyar cajin su mai kyau.
①Suna iya kawar da cajin saman zaruruwa;
②Cationic surfactants suna shaƙa a saman zare a cikin yanayin da ions na ammonium quaternary masu caji mai kyau suka haɗu da saman zare kuma sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon masu kama da hydrophobic suna nuna waje, suna samar da fim ɗin shaƙa mai daidaitawa wanda aka haɗa da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon akan saman zare. Wannan fim ɗin shaƙa zai iya rage gogayya akan saman zare yadda ya kamata yayin gogayya da kuma raunana gogayya ta wutar lantarki.
Ga zaruruwan roba masu ƙarancin polarity da ƙarfi na hydrophobic, cationic surfactants suna shaƙa a saman zaruruwa ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals ta hanyar sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu masu son hydrophobic, yayin da ƙungiyoyin ammonium na polar quaternary suna fuskantar waje. Saboda haka, saman zaruruwa an rufe shi da ƙungiyoyin polar hydrophilic, wanda ba wai kawai yana inganta watsa wutar lantarki ta saman zaruruwa ba, har ma yana ƙara danshi a samansa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa wargaza wutar lantarki mai tsauri da gogayya ke haifarwa da kuma samar da tasirin antistatic.
Ƙarfin shaƙar dioctadecyl ammonium chloride a saman zare na halitta ya fi na zare na roba yawa, wanda ke nuna cewa yana samun ingantaccen aikin hana rikitar da zare na halitta.
Kamar surfactants na cationic, amphoteric surfactants suna ɗauke da caji mai kyau kuma suna iya shaƙa a saman zare mai caji mara kyau don rage cajin da ke tsaye. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic ɗinsu kuma suna rage gogayya. Idan aka kwatanta da surfactants na cationic, amphoteric surfactants suna da ƙarin ƙungiyar anionic a cikin tsarin ƙwayoyin halittarsu, wanda ke ba da damar riƙe danshi mafi kyau da kuma watsar da caji. Saboda haka, amphoteric surfactants wakilai ne masu ƙarfi na antistatic, kodayake suna da farashi mai tsada.
Sinadaran anionic da nonionic suna nuna ƙarancin aikin antistatic saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin shaye-shaye akan saman zare. Yawan shaye-shayen surfactants marasa ionic ba ya shafar tasirin saman zare kuma ya fi na anionic surfactants girma, duk da haka suna da rauni akan wargajewar tsaye. Saboda haka ƙarfin antistatic ɗinsu ya yi ƙasa da na cationic da amphoteric surfactants.
2. Magungunan hana hana amfani da robobi
Tsarin hana tsatsa na surfactants da ake amfani da su a matsayin magungunan hana tsatsa na filastik kamar haka: surfactants suna shaƙa a saman filastik ta hanyar sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu masu kama da hydrophobic ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals, tare da ƙungiyoyin polar da ke faɗaɗa waje. Fim ɗin shaƙa na surfactants mai daidaitawa yana samuwa a saman filastik don samar da wutar lantarki, yana ba da damar caji mai tsauri ya ɓace yadda ya kamata. A halin yanzu, fim ɗin shaƙa na iya rage gogayya a saman filastik.
Rarraba magungunan antistatic na filastik ta nau'in surfactant:
(1)Nau'in anionic;
(2) Nau'in Cationic;
(3) Nau'in amphoteric;
(4) Nau'in da ba na ionic ba.
Ana iya raba magungunan antistatic zuwa rukuni biyu ta hanyar amfani da hanyar:
(1) Magungunan hana kumburin saman fata;
(2) Haɗa magungunan hana kumburi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-10-2026