1. Surfactant
Akwai nau'ikan surfactants da yawa. Dangane da fitowar su, sune: surfactants anionic suna da kashi 56%, surfactants marasa ionic suna da kashi 36%, surfactants amphoteric suna da kashi 5%, da kuma cationic surfactants suna da kashi 3%.
2. Maganin surfactant mara ionic
Manyan nau'ikan surfactants marasa ionic sun haɗa da alkylolamides (FFA), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), da alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE ko OP). Non-ionic surfactants suna da kyawawan halaye kamar narkewa, sabulun wanki, tasirin antistatic, ƙarancin ƙaiƙayi, da watsawar sabulun calcium. Ana iya amfani da su a kan kewayon pH mai faɗi idan aka kwatanta da na ionic surfactants gabaɗaya. Banda kayan sabulun wanki da kumfa, sauran ayyukan su galibi sun fi na anionic surfactants gabaɗaya. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ƙara ƙaramin adadin surfactants marasa ionic zuwa ionic surfactants na iya haɓaka aikin saman tsarin lokacin kwatanta tsarin da abun ciki iri ɗaya na sinadaran aiki.
Alkylolamides wani nau'in surfactant ne wanda ba ionic ba ne, yana da inganci sosai, yana da fa'ida sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke na ruwa daban-daban. Siffofin alkylolamides da aka fi amfani da su a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke na ruwa sune "2:1 amide" da "1.5:1 amide", kuma ana iya amfani da "1:1 amide". Waɗannan siffofin guda uku suna nuna ayyuka daban-daban dangane da narkewar ruwa da kuma kauri. Gabaɗaya, "1.5:1 amide" ya fi matsakaici kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ruwan wanke-wanke. A cikin yanayi na al'ada, "1:1 amide" yana da sauƙin narkewa ne kawai idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da sauran surfactants masu narkewar ruwa. Alkylolamides sun fi dacewa da sabulun wanke-wanke na alkaline kuma ana iya amfani da su a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke masu rauni. Alkylolamides sune mafi arha tsakanin surfactants marasa ionic, tare da farashin yuan 7,800/ton a 2002. Ana amfani da alkylolamides akai-akai fiye da alcohols polyoxyethylene mai kitse a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke na ruwa. Surfactants marasa ionic da ake amfani da su a cikin shamfu galibi alkylolamides ne. Dalilan na iya zama kamar haka: FFA yana da ayyuka mafi kyau ko mafi cikakku fiye da AE; farashin kayayyakin FFA ya yi ƙasa da na AE; narkewar FFA ya fi na AE kyau; kuma kadarar kumfa ta FFA ta fi ta AE kyau.
2. Maganin Cationic
Nau'ikan cationic surfactants da aka fi sani sun haɗa da cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone oil, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), da sauransu. Ba kamar sauran surfactants ba, cationic surfactants ba su da kayan sabulu da kumfa mara kyau, kuma galibi suna da wani matakin guba mai ban haushi (ƙananan). A cikin sabulun ruwa, ana amfani da cationic surfactants azaman ƙarin surfactants - masu sanyaya jiki tare da ƙananan adadi a cikin tsari; galibi ana amfani da su a cikin samfuran mafi girma, galibi a cikin shamfu. Cationic surfactants ba su dace kai tsaye da anionic surfactants ba. Kodayake akwai yuwuwar samun sakamako mai kyau lokacin da cations da anions suka dace, akwai babban haɗarin hazo (crystallization). Akwai nau'ikan cationic surfactants da yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin shamfu, kuma yawan amfani da su yana warwatse kaɗan - ba a mai da hankali kan nau'i ɗaya ko biyu ba, kuma galibi ana tsara su zuwa samfuran wakilin sanyaya jiki. Kason fitar da cationic surfactants daga cikin surfactants ƙanana ne, kuma farashinsu sau da yawa ya fi tsada fiye da sauran nau'ikan surfactants. Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan surfactants daban-daban, cationic surfactants suna da tasirin sanyaya jiki mafi shahara da kuma mafi ƙarfin tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta; duk da rashin amfanin su kamar rashin kyawun sabulun wanki, rashin kyawun kumfa, rashin dacewa, babban haushi, da tsada, ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu nau'ikan surfactants a matsayin masu sanyaya jiki a cikin shamfu na sabulun ruwa mai inganci ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa cationic surfactants za a iya amfani da su ne kawai a matsayin masu sanyaya jiki ko masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-02-2026