1 Ra'ayoyin Tsarin Tsarawa don Wakilan Tsaftacewa Masu Ruwa
1.1 Zaɓin Tsarin
Tsarin tsaftace ruwa na yau da kullun za a iya raba shi zuwa nau'i uku: tsaka tsaki, acidic, da alkaline.
Ana amfani da sinadaran tsaftacewa marasa tsari a wuraren da ba su da juriya ga acid da alkalis. Tsarin tsaftacewa galibi yana amfani da haɗakar kayan tsaftacewa da kuma abubuwan da ke hana datti daga saman abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da tsaftace sinadarin acid don cire tsatsa da kuma cire ƙarfe mai siffar oxide. Babu wasu ƙarin sinadarai da ake samu a yanayin acid. Tsaftace sinadarin acid galibi yana amfani da amsawar acid da tsatsa ko sikelin oxide a saman ƙarfe don cire datti. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da ƙarin sinadarai da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska don fitar da datti da aka tsaftace don cimma manufar tsaftacewa. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a yau da kullun sun haɗa da nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, boric acid, da sauransu. Tsaftace sinadarin alkaline ya fi amfani a fannin tsaftacewa a masana'antu. Saboda alkali da kansa zai iya samar da man kayan lambu don samar da sinadarai masu sinadarin hydrophilic, ya dace sosai don tsaftace tabon mai. Alkalai da ake amfani da su a yau da kullun sun haɗa da NaOH, KOH, sodium carbonate, ruwan ammonia, alkanolamines, da sauransu.
1.2 Zaɓin Mataimaka
A fannin tsaftace masana'antu, muna nufin ƙarin abubuwa waɗanda ke da amfani ga tasirin tsaftacewa kamar kayan taimako na tsaftacewa, waɗanda suka haɗa da masu wargaza chelating, masu hana tsatsa, masu cire kumfa, magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, shirye-shiryen enzyme, masu daidaita pH, da sauransu. Mataimakan da aka fi amfani da su an raba su zuwa rukuni kamar haka:
Masu rarrabawa na Chelating: phosphates (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium phosphate, da sauransu), Organic phosphates (ATMP, HEDP, EDTMP, da sauransu), alkanolamines (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, da sauransu), amino carboxylates (NTA, EDTA, da sauransu), hydroxyl carboxylates (citrates, tartrates, gluconates, da sauransu), polyacrylic acid da abubuwan da suka samo asali (maleic-acrylic copolymer), da sauransu;
Masu hana lalata: nau'in fim ɗin oxide (chromates, nitrites, molybdates, tungstates, borates, da sauransu), nau'in fim ɗin hazo (phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, da sauransu), nau'in fim ɗin adsorption (silicates, amino acid na halitta, acid na carboxylic na halitta, petroleum sulfonates, thiourea, urotropine, imidazoles, thiazoles, benzotriazoles, da sauransu);
Masu cire kumfa: organosilicon, polyether modified organosilicon, masu cire kumfa marasa silicon, da sauransu.
1.3 Zaɓin Masu Ruwa Mai Tsabta
Masu aikin surfactants suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsaftace masana'antu. Suna iya rage matsin lamba a saman tsarin, inganta shigar da samfurin, da kuma ba da damar mai tsaftacewa ya shiga cikin datti cikin sauri. Hakanan suna da tasirin warwatsewa da kuma fitar da iskar shaka ga tabon mai da aka tsaftace.
An raba surfactants da aka saba amfani da su zuwa rukuni masu zuwa:
Ba na ionic ba: alkylphenol ethoxylates (jerin NP/OP/TX), fatty alcohol ethoxylates (jerin AEO), isomeric alcohol ethoxylates (jerin XL/XP/TO), secondary alcohol ethoxylates (jerin SAEO), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether jerin (jerin PE/RPE), alkyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene ether jerin da aka rufe, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters (EL), fatty amine polyoxyethylene ethers (AC), acetylenic diol ethoxylates, alkyl glycosides jerin, da sauransu.;
Anionic: sulfonates (alkylbenzene sulfonates LAS, α-olefin sulfonates AOS, alkyl sulfonates SAS, succinate sulfonates OT, fatty acid ester sulfonates MES, da sauransu), sulfate esters (K12, AES, da sauransu), phosphate esters (alkyl phosphates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, da sauransu), carboxylates (fatty acid gishiri, da sauransu);
Cationic: gishirin ammonium na quaternary (1631, 1231, da sauransu);
Amphoteric ions: betaines (BS, CAB, da sauransu), amino acid; ammonium oxides (OB, da sauransu), imidazolines.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-16-2026