Halaye da Halaye na Cationic Surfactants guda biyu

Cajin cationic surfactants ya saba da na anionic surfactants, don haka cationic surfactants galibi ana kiransu "sabulun juyawa". Dangane da tsarin sinadarai, suna da aƙalla rukunin hydrophobic mai tsayi ɗaya da kuma rukunin hydrophilic mai caji mai kyau. Rukunin hydrophobic mai tsayi galibi ana samun su ne daga fatty acids ko sinadarai masu guba, don haka fatty amines suna da mahimmanci ga albarkatun cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants suna da ƙarancin sabulun wanki, amma kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma kusancinsu ga shaye-shaye a saman tauri sun fi bayyana. A cikin kayan kwalliya, galibi ana amfani da su azaman kayan gyaran gashi, fungicides, bacteriostats, laushi, da ƙari na anti-caries, da sauransu.

1. Gishirin Amine Mai Kitse

Amines masu kitse a zahiri tushen halitta ne. Ba a cika caji su a cikin mafita masu tsaka-tsaki ba, ba su da aikin saman cationic a wannan lokacin, kuma suna da lipophilic lokacin da pH ya fi 7. Gishirin amine na ƙasa da aka samu ta hanyar rage yawan acid da ba su da sinadarai ko na halitta suna da isasshen narkewa kuma an san su da inganci a matsayin masu amfani da cationic surfactants. Gishirin halitta gabaɗaya sun fi narkewa a cikin ruwa fiye da gishirin da ba su da sinadarai. Ba kasafai ake amfani da su a cikin sabulu da sinadaran tsaftacewa ba.

Cations na gishirin ammonium marasa kwata-kwata suna da matuƙar tasiri ga pH, ions masu yawa, da electrolytes. Amines masu narkewa, waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar ethoxylation na fatty amines, surfactants ne waɗanda zasu iya dacewa da cationic surfactants bayan daidaita pH kuma suna da kyakkyawan sabulun wanki. Lokacin da aka haɗa fatty amines da salicylic acid koα- chlorobenzoic acid, ana iya inganta aikinsu na maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Quaternary ammonium mahadi tsakanin fatty amines sune nau'in cationic surfactants da aka fi amfani da su.

Gishirin ammonium na Quaternary suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwan acidic ko alkaline (ƙasa da 100)°C). Narkewar gishirin ammonium na quaternary yana da alaƙa da tsawon sarkar alkyl; tsawon sarkar, haka nan rage narkewar ruwa a cikin ruwa. Gishirin ammonium na C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ba sa narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, suna narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu ƙarfi na polar, kuma ba sa narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu ƙarfi waɗanda ba polar ba. Gishirin ammonium na Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary suna narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu ƙarfi waɗanda ba polar ba kuma ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa.

Ayyukan musamman na gishirin ammonium na quaternary suna cikin shaƙar su a kan saman da ke da mummunan caji da tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a lura cewa haɗuwa da anionic surfactants, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, sunadarai, da wasu polymers yana iya rage ƙarfin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ko haifar da turbidity.

Narkewar gishirin alkyl quaternary ammonium yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic; yawan ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic da ake da su, mafi kyawun narkewar ruwa. Kashi 5% na isopropanol ko kuma maganin ruwa mai kashi 10% yana da pH na 6-9. Suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya ga haske, zafi, acid mai ƙarfi, da alkalis mai ƙarfi, kuma suna da ikon yin aiki, kaddarorin antistatic, tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta (tare da C12-C16 shine mafi inganci), da kuma kyakkyawan hana tsatsa. Gishirin alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium suna da ƙungiyoyi biyu na alkyl masu tsayi a matsayin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic, suna nuna laushi mai kyau, kaddarorin antistatic, wasu ikon kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma kyakkyawan tasirin jika da emulsifying. Ba su da ɗan haushi fiye da gishirin alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium, suna nuna kaddarorin cationic a ƙarƙashin acid mai rauni, kuma suna samar da mahaɗan da ba ionic ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaka tsaki da alkaline.

2. Gishirin alkyl imidazoline

Alkyl imidazoline wani samfuri ne da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar kitse da ethylenediamines da aka maye gurbinsu. amide ethylamine wanda aka samar ta hanyar dumama (yawanci a zafin jiki na 220-240).℃) an canza shi zuwa alkyl imidazoline.

Alkyl imidazoline wani nau'in amine ne na monocyclic tertiary kuma tushe ne mai ƙarfi matsakaici. Yana da sinadarin cationic surfactant wanda za'a iya shaƙa shi sosai akan saman da aka yi masa caji mara kyau, kamar gashi, fata, haƙora, gilashi, takarda, zare, ƙarfe, da kayan da ke ɗauke da silicon. Gishirin da aka samar da acid mai narkewar ruwa galibi suna samar da gels a yawan mai. Acetate, nicotinates, phosphates, da sulfates suna narkewar ruwa, yayin da gishirin kitse mai tsayi suna narkewar mai. Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a ajiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba ya jure danshi, amma lu'ulu'u na iya fashewa bayan ajiya na dogon lokaci ko ajiya a cikin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, kuma yana iya komawa zuwa yanayi iri ɗaya lokacin da aka dumama shi da motsawa. Hulɗa da ruwa ko danshi zai haifar da hydrolysis a hankali, yana canza ayyukansa. Dumama na dogon lokaci, koda lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 165℃, ba zai shafi daidaitonsa ba, amma launin zai canza. Ya kamata a lura cewa tunda alkyl imidazoline tushe ne mai matsakaicin ƙarfi, yana da matuƙar zafi ga fata da idanu, yayin da gishirin alkyl imidazoline ya rage ƙaiƙayi sosai.