Tsarin aikin masu narkewar surfactant da abubuwan da ke shafar narkewar abinci

A fannin ilmin sunadarai, wasu sinadarai na halitta, saboda halayensu na rashin narkewa ko kuma ɗan narkewa a cikin ruwa, suna kawo matsaloli da yawa ga aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace. Duk da haka, lokacin da waɗannan sinadarai na halitta suka haɗu da surfactants, narkewarsu yana ƙaruwa sosai, wani abu da aka sani da narkewa. Surfactants suna aiki a matsayin masu narkewa a cikin wannan tsari, yayin da sinadarai na halitta da ake narkewa ana kiransu da solubilizates. Wannan labarin zai zurfafa cikin tsarin narkewa da abubuwan da ke tasiri.

1. Tsarin narkewa

Faruwar narkewar ruwa yana da alaƙa da halayen surfactants. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa lokacin da yawan surfactants ya yi ƙasa da yawan micelle mai mahimmanci (CMC), narkewar abubuwa masu rai ba ya canzawa sosai; duk da haka, lokacin da yawan ya wuce CMC, narkewar ruwa yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan saboda a wannan yawan, surfactants suna fara samar da micelles, kuma narkewar ruwa yana da alaƙa da samuwar micelles.

Dangane da matsayin sinadarin da aka narkar a cikin micelle, akwai hanyoyi guda huɗu na narkar da shi:

①Narkewa a cikin micelle: Wannan hanyar ta dace da abubuwa masu sauƙi na hydrocarbon marasa polar, kamar benzene, ethylbenzene, da n-heptane. Suna narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin micelle saboda ana iya ɗaukar ciki na micelle a matsayin tsantsar hydrocarbon compound, wanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya da waɗannan abubuwa.

②Narkewa a cikin layin micelle palisade: Ga abubuwa masu rai na polar kamar alcohols masu dogon sarka da acid, ana rarraba su a madadin juna kuma a layi ɗaya da ƙwayoyin surfactant. Sassan da ba polar ba suna hulɗa da ƙungiyoyin surfactants masu hydrophobic ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals, yayin da sassan polar suna haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyin surfactants masu hydrophilic ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals da haɗin hydrogen.

③Narkewa a saman micelle: Za a shafa abubuwa masu kama da macromolecular, dyes, da sauransu a saman micelle kuma a daidaita su ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals ko haɗin hydrogen, ta haka za su ƙara narkewarsu a cikin ruwa. Duk da haka, adadin narkewa ta wannan hanyar ba shi da yawa.

④Narkewa tsakanin sarƙoƙin polyoxyethylene: Ga masu surfactants na nau'in polyoxyethylene, saboda dogon sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta na ɓangaren rukunin hydrophilic ɗinsu, galibi suna cikin yanayi mai lanƙwasa. Ana iya naɗe abubuwan halitta a ciki kuma su makale ta hanyar sarƙoƙin polyoxyethylene na hydrophilic. Wannan hanyar tana da babban adadin narkewa.

Waɗannan hanyoyin narkewa guda huɗu duk suna bin ƙa'idar narkewar kamar yadda yake narkewa, kuma tsarin adadin narkewar daga babba zuwa ƙarami shine: narkewa tsakanin sarƙoƙin polyoxyethylene > narkewa a cikin layin micelle palisade > narkewa a cikin micelle > narkewa akan saman micelle.

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da cewa narkewar abubuwa masu rai a cikin ruwa yana ƙaruwa saboda narkewar su, halayen maganin ba sa canzawa sosai. Wannan saboda ƙwayoyin halitta na iya samar da manyan ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan ba zai haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a yawan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin maganin ba. Wannan kuma yana tabbatar da tasirin ɗaurewa da haɗin micelles a kan adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin halitta.

2. Abubuwan da ke shafar narkewar abinci

Narkewar ruwa ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da kasancewar micelles ba, har ma yana shafar halayen da ke cikin narkewar ruwa da kuma sinadarin da aka narke. Bugu da ƙari, duk wani abu da zai iya shafar CMC na surfactants shi ma zai shafi narkewar ruwa.

Mai narkewa (surfactant)

Mayar da Hankali: Da yawan sinadarin surfactant, haka yawan sinadarin micelles da aka samar yake, sannan kuma yawan sinadarin micelles da aka haɗa, wanda hakan ke ba su damar mu'amala da sinadarin da ke narkewa sosai.

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: Tsawon tsawon sarkar hydrocarbon mai kama da hydrophobic, ƙarfin tasirin narkewar ruwa; ga masu surfactants masu rukunin hydrophilic iri ɗaya, tsawon tsawon sarkar hydrocarbon mai kama da hydrophobic, ƙaramin CMC ɗinsu kuma ƙarfin tasirin narkewar ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin narkewar surfactants marasa ionic yawanci ya fi ƙarfi fiye da na ionic surfactants.

Narkewa

Gabaɗaya, girman polarity na abu mai narkewa, girman ƙarfin narkewar. Wannan yana iya zama saboda abubuwan da aka narke a polarity suna da yuwuwar yin mu'amala da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic a saman micelles ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen da ƙarfin van der Waals. A lokaci guda, sassan su marasa polarity suma suna yin mu'amala da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic na surfactants.

Zafin jiki

Ga masu ionic surfactants, ƙaruwar zafin jiki yana ƙara tasirin narkewar su. Wannan saboda ƙaruwar zafin jiki yana ƙara CMC, yana ba da damar ƙarin surfactants su narke a cikin maganin kuma su samar da ƙarin micelles.

Ga masu surfactants na polyoxyethylene-type nonionic, ƙarfin narkewar yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki. Duk da haka, lokacin da zafin ya kai ko ya wuce wurin girgije, tasirin narkewar zai yi rauni.

Electrolyte

Ƙara electrolytes zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin narkewar ionic surfactants don hydrocarbons amma rage ƙarfin narkewar su ga abubuwan polar. Wannan saboda electrolytes suna rage wani ɓangare na cajin wutar lantarki na ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic, suna sa tsarin ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic akan saman micelle ya fi ƙanƙanta, wanda ba shi da kyau don saka polar solubilizates.

Ga masu surfactants marasa ionic, ƙara electrolytes na iya ƙara ƙarfin narkewar su. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tasirin gishiri, wanda ke rage hana ruwa shiga ƙwayoyin surfactant, yana ƙara motsi, kuma yana sauƙaƙa samar da micelles.

Narkewar sinadaran abu ne mai sarkakiya wanda abubuwa daban-daban ke shafarsa. Ta hanyar samun fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan da hanyoyin hulɗarsu, za mu iya amfani da narkewar sinadaran don inganta hanyoyin sinadarai da aikin samfura.