Menene aikace-aikacen biosurfactants a cikin injiniyan muhalli?

Yawancin nau'ikan surfactants da aka haɗa ta hanyar sinadarai suna lalata muhallin halittu saboda rashin kyawun yanayin halittunsu, daɗaɗa, da ɗabi'ar taruwa a cikin halittu. Sabanin haka, abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin halitta-wanda aka siffanta da sauƙin biodegradability da rashin guba ga tsarin muhalli-sun fi dacewa da sarrafa gurɓata muhalli a cikin injiniyan muhalli. Alal misali, za su iya zama masu tara ruwa a cikin hanyoyin kula da ruwan sha, suna yin cuɗanya a kan ɓangarorin colloidal da aka caje don cire ions ƙarfe masu guba, ko a shafa su don gyara wuraren da gurɓataccen mahalli da ƙarfe masu nauyi suka gurbata.

1. Aikace-aikace a cikin Tsarin Jiyya na Ruwa;

Lokacin kula da ruwan sha ta hanyar ilimin halitta, ions ions masu nauyi sukan hana ko guba ga al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sludge mai kunnawa. Don haka, riga-kafi yana da mahimmanci yayin amfani da hanyoyin nazarin halittu don magance ruwan datti mai ɗauke da ions ƙarfe mai nauyi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyar hazo na hydroxide don cire ions mai nauyi daga ruwan sharar gida, amma ingancinsa na hazo yana iyakance ta hanyar solubility na hydroxides, yana haifar da sakamako mai inganci. Hanyoyi na tuwo, a daya bangaren, galibi ana iyakance su ne saboda amfani da masu tara ruwa (misali, sinadarin surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate da aka hada da sinadarai) wadanda ke da wahalar kaskanta a matakan jiyya na gaba, wanda ke haifar da gurbatar yanayi na biyu. Saboda haka, akwai buƙatar samar da wasu hanyoyin da ke da sauƙi mai yuwuwa kuma ba mai guba a muhalli ba-kuma masu ilimin halitta sun mallaki waɗannan fa'idodin.

2. Aikace-aikace a cikin Bioremediation;

A cikin aiwatar da yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don haifar da lalata gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi kuma ta haka ne za a gyara gurɓataccen muhalli, ƙwayoyin halitta suna ba da babbar dama ga haɓakar wuraren da suka gurɓace. Wannan shi ne saboda za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye daga fermentation broths, kawar da halin kaka hade da surfactant rabuwa, hakar, da samfurin tsarkakewa.

2.1 Inganta Lalacewar Alkanes;

Alkanes sune abubuwan farko na man fetur. Yayin aikin hako mai, hakowa, sufuri, sarrafawa, da adanawa, fitar da man da babu makawa yana gurbata kasa da ruwan karkashin kasa. Don haɓaka lalacewar alkane, ƙara abubuwan haɓakar halittu na iya haɓaka haɓakar hydrophilicity da biodegradability na mahadi na hydrophobic, haɓaka yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ta haka inganta ƙimar alkanes.

2.2 Haɓaka Lalacewar Hydrocarbons Aromatic Polycyclic (PAHs);

PAHs sun sami karuwar hankali saboda "sakamakon ciwon daji guda uku" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, da mutagenic). Kasashe da yawa sun sanya su a matsayin masu gurɓata fifiko. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lalatawar ƙwayoyin cuta shine hanya ta farko don cire PAHs daga yanayin, kuma raguwar su yana raguwa yayin da adadin zoben benzene ya karu: PAHs tare da zobe uku ko žasa suna da sauƙi ragewa, yayin da waɗanda ke da zobe hudu ko fiye sun fi ƙalubale don rushewa.

2.3 Cire Karfe Masu Guba;

Tsarin gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai guba mai guba a cikin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da ɓoyewa, kwanciyar hankali, da rashin juyewa, yin gyaran ƙasa mai gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai daɗaɗɗen bincike a fannin ilimi. Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a yanzu don cire ƙananan karafa daga ƙasa sun haɗa da vitrification, rashin motsi / daidaitawa, da kuma maganin zafi. Duk da yake vitrification yana da yuwuwar fasaha, ya haɗa da aikin injiniya mai mahimmanci da tsadar tsada. Hanyoyin hana motsi suna canzawa, suna buƙatar ci gaba da sa ido kan ingancin jiyya bayan aikace-aikacen. Maganin zafi ya dace da ƙananan ƙarfe masu nauyi (misali, mercury). A sakamakon haka, ƙananan hanyoyin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta sun ga ci gaba da sauri. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun fara amfani da abubuwan da ba su da guba na halitta don gyara ƙasa mai gurɓataccen ƙarfe.