A lokacin ayyukan samar da masana'antu, nau'ikan lalata iri-iri, kamar coking, ragowar mai, sikelin, sediments, da adibas masu lalata, suna taruwa a cikin kayan aiki da bututun tsarin samarwa. Wadannan adibas sau da yawa suna haifar da kayan aiki da gazawar bututun mai, rage ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, har ma da abubuwan da suka faru na aminci.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin bunƙasa sabbin masana'antu na roba, sabbin fasahohin masana'antu sun ci gaba da fitowa, kuma sifofinsa na ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama masu rikitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin mannewa da sifofi tsakanin ɓarna masana'antu da maƙasudin tsaftacewa daban-daban galibi suna dogara ne akan nau'in ƙazanta da kuma tsarin tsarin da abubuwan da ake tsaftace su. Saboda buƙatun kariyar muhalli, ana samun karuwar buƙatun haɓakar halittu da rashin guba na abubuwan sinadarai, wanda ke haifar da sabbin ƙalubale ga fasahohin tsabtace sinadarai.
Tsabtace sinadarai wata fasaha ce mai mahimmanci wacce ta ƙunshi nazarin haɓakar ƙima da kaddarorin, zaɓi da ƙirƙira kayan aikin tsaftacewa da ƙari, zaɓin masu hana lalata, fasahohin tsarin tsaftacewa, haɓakawa da yin amfani da kayan aikin tsaftacewa, fasahar sa ido yayin tsaftacewa, da jiyya na ruwa, da sauransu. Daga cikin waɗannan, zaɓin kayan aikin tsaftacewa yana da mahimmancin mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun nasarar ayyukan tsaftacewa, kamar yadda ya shafi aikin tsaftacewa kai tsaye, ƙimar raguwa, ƙimar lalata, da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na kayan aiki.
Abubuwan tsaftacewa da farko sun ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: wakili na farko na tsaftacewa, masu hana lalata, da surfactants. Saboda tsarin su na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya ƙunshi duka hydrophilic da hydrophobic kungiyoyin, surfactants suna taka rawa a cikin adsorption, shiga ciki, emulsification, rushewa, da wankewa yayin tsaftace sinadarai. Ba wai kawai ana amfani da su azaman ma'aikatan taimako ba amma kuma ana ɗaukar su azaman mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, musamman a cikin matakai kamar tsabtace acid, tsaftacewar alkaline, hana lalata, lalatawa, da haifuwa, inda suke ƙara nuna tasirin su.
Mahimmin tsaftacewa na farko, masu hana lalata, da surfactants sune manyan sassa uku na hanyoyin tsaftace sinadarai. Siffar sinadarai na musamman na surfactants yana tabbatar da cewa, lokacin da aka narkar da su a cikin wani bayani na ruwa, suna rage tashin hankali na saman maganin sosai, ta haka yana haɓaka iyawar sa. Musamman lokacin da maida hankali na surfactants a cikin bayani ya kai ga m micele maida hankali (CMC), sanannen canje-canje faruwa a cikin bayani ta surface tashin hankali, osmotic matsa lamba, danko, da kuma na gani Properties.
A wetting, shiga, watsawa, emulsifying, da solubilizing sakamakon surfactants a cikin sinadaran tsaftacewa tafiyar matakai cimma sau biyu sakamakon da rabin kokarin. A taƙaice, surfactants a cikin tsabtace sinadarai da farko suna aiki da ayyuka biyu: na farko, suna haɓaka haɓakar bayyanar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi ta hanyar aikin solubilizing na micelles, wanda aka sani da tasirin solubilization; na biyu, saboda ƙungiyoyin amphiphilic su, surfactants adsorb ko tarawa a tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin man fetur da ruwa, rage tashin hankali na tsaka-tsakin.
Lokacin zabar surfactants, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga kaddarorin wakili mai tsaftacewa, masu hana lalata, da surfactants, da kuma dacewa da hulɗar su.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2025