A lokacin ayyukan samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu, nau'ikan gurɓatattun abubuwa daban-daban, kamar su coking, ragowar mai, sikelin, laka, da ma'ajiyar da ta lalace, suna taruwa a cikin kayan aiki da bututun samar da kayayyaki. Waɗannan ma'ajiyar galibi suna haifar da gazawar kayan aiki da bututun mai, raguwar ingancin tsarin samarwa, ƙaruwar amfani da makamashi, da kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, har ma da abubuwan da suka faru na tsaro.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin ci gaban sabbin masana'antu na roba, sabbin gurɓatattun masana'antu sun ci gaba da bayyana, kuma tsarin kwayoyin halittarsu ya zama mai rikitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin mannewa da siffofi tsakanin gurɓatattun masana'antu da manufofin tsaftacewa daban-daban galibi sun dogara ne akan nau'in gurɓataccen abu da kuma tsarin ginin da halayen sinadaran saman abubuwan da ake tsaftacewa. Saboda buƙatun kariyar muhalli, akwai ƙaruwar buƙatar gurɓataccen abu da rashin guba na sinadarai, wanda ke ci gaba da haifar da sabbin ƙalubale ga fasahar tsabtace sinadarai.
Tsaftace sinadarai wata fasaha ce mai cikakken tsari wadda ta ƙunshi nazarin samuwar ƙura da halayenta, zaɓi da kuma tsara sinadaran tsaftacewa da ƙari, zaɓin masu hana tsatsa, dabarun tsarin tsaftacewa, haɓakawa da amfani da kayan tsaftacewa, fasahar sa ido yayin tsaftacewa, da kuma kula da ruwan shara, da sauransu. Daga cikin waɗannan, zaɓin sinadaran tsaftacewa muhimmin abu ne da ke ƙayyade nasarar ayyukan tsaftacewa, domin yana shafar ingancin tsaftacewa kai tsaye, saurin rage tsatsa, ƙimar tsatsa, da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na kayan aiki.
Sinadaran tsaftacewa galibi sun ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: babban sinadarin tsaftacewa, masu hana tsatsa, da kuma masu hana tsatsa. Saboda tsarin kwayoyin halittarsu, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic da hydrophobic, masu hana tsatsa suna taka rawa wajen shaƙa, shiga, fitar da sinadarai, narkewa, da wankewa yayin tsaftace sinadarai. Ba wai kawai ana amfani da su azaman masu taimako ba ne, har ma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin muhimman abubuwa, musamman a cikin hanyoyin kamar tsaftace acid, tsaftace alkaline, hana tsatsa, rage mai, da kuma tsarkakewa, inda suke ƙara nuna tasirinsu.
Babban maganin tsaftacewa, masu hana tsatsa, da kuma masu surfactants su ne manyan sassa uku na maganin tsaftace sinadarai. Tsarin sinadarai na musamman na surfactants yana tabbatar da cewa, idan aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwan magani, suna rage tashin hankalin saman maganin sosai, ta haka ne ke ƙara ƙarfin jika shi. Musamman lokacin da yawan surfactants a cikin maganin ya kai ga mahimmancin yawan micelle (CMC), canje-canje masu mahimmanci suna faruwa a cikin tashin hankalin saman maganin, matsin lamba na osmotic, danko, da kuma halayen gani.
Tasirin jika, shiga, wargazawa, emulsifying, da kuma narkewar sinadaran surfactants a cikin hanyoyin tsaftace sinadarai ya ninka sakamakon sau biyu da rabi. A taƙaice, surfactants a cikin tsaftace sinadarai suna aiki da ayyuka biyu: na farko, suna haɓaka yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa marasa narkewa ta hanyar aikin narkewar micelles, wanda aka sani da tasirin narkewa; na biyu, saboda ƙungiyoyin amphiphilic, surfactants suna sha ko taruwa a tsakanin matakan mai da ruwa, suna rage tashin hankali tsakanin fuska.
Lokacin zabar surfactants, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga halayen mai tsaftacewa, masu hana lalata, da surfactants, da kuma dacewa da hulɗarsu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-28-2025