Menene aikace-aikacen surfactants a fannin mai?

Dangane da hanyar rarrabuwa ta sinadarai a filin mai, ana iya rarraba surfactants don amfani da filin mai ta hanyar amfani da surfactants na haƙowa, surfactants na samarwa, ingantattun surfactants na dawo da mai, masu tattarawa/surfactants na mai da iskar gas, da kuma masu tace ruwa.

 

Masu hakowa;

 

Daga cikin masu haƙa ramin mai, masu haƙa ramin mai (gami da ƙarin ruwa da ƙarin siminti) sune suka fi yawan amfani - kusan kashi 60% na jimillar amfani da masu haƙa ramin mai. Masu haƙa ramin mai, kodayake ba su da yawa a adadi, sun fi ci gaba a fannin fasaha, suna wakiltar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimillar. Waɗannan rukunoni biyu suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a aikace-aikacen masu haƙa ramin mai.

A ƙasar Sin, bincike ya mayar da hankali kan manyan fannoni guda biyu: haɓaka amfani da kayan gargajiya da haɓaka sabbin polymers na roba (gami da monomers). A duniya, binciken ƙarin ruwa na haƙa ya fi ƙwarewa, yana mai da hankali kan polymers na roba masu ɗauke da sinadarin sulfonic acid a matsayin tushen samfura daban-daban - wani yanayi da ke iya tsara ci gaba a nan gaba. An sami nasarori a cikin masu rage danko, wakilan sarrafa asarar ruwa, da man shafawa. Abin lura shi ne, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da polymeric alcohol surfactants tare da tasirin gizagizai a faɗin filayen mai na cikin gida, suna samar da jerin tsarin ruwa na haƙa barasa na polymeric. Bugu da ƙari, methyl glucoside da ruwan haƙa mai tushen glycerin sun nuna sakamako mai kyau na aikace-aikacen filin, wanda hakan ke ƙara haifar da ci gaban surfactants na haƙa. A halin yanzu, ƙarin ruwa na haƙa ƙasa na ƙasar Sin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 18 tare da nau'ikan sama da dubu, tare da amfani da shi kowace shekara kusan tan 300,000.

 

Masu samar da sinadarai masu narkewa;

 

Idan aka kwatanta da surfactants masu haƙa rami, surfactants masu samarwa ba su da yawa a cikin nau'i da yawa, musamman waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen yin acid da fracturing. A cikin fracturing surfactants, bincike kan sinadaran gelling galibi yana mai da hankali kan gyambon tsire-tsire na halitta da aka gyara da cellulose, tare da polymers na roba kamar polyacrylamide. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin acidizing fluid surfactants ya kasance a hankali, tare da mayar da hankali kan R&D zuwa gamasu hana lalatadon ƙara yawan acid. Ana haɓaka waɗannan masu hana ruwa ta hanyar gyara ko haɗa kayan da ake da su, tare da burin tabbatar da ƙarancin guba ko rashin guba da kuma narkewar mai/ruwa ko wargajewar ruwa. Masu hana ruwa masu tushen Amine, quaternary ammonium, da alkyne alcohol sun zama ruwan dare, yayin da masu hana ruwa masu tushen aldehyde suka ragu saboda damuwar guba. Sauran sabbin abubuwa sun haɗa da hadaddun acid na dodecylbenzene sulfonic tare da amines masu ƙarancin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta (misali, ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), da emulsifiers na acid-in-oil. A China, bincike kan surfactants don fashewar ruwa da acidizing ya yi jinkiri, tare da ƙarancin ci gaba fiye da masu hana ruwa. Daga cikin samfuran da ake da su, mahaɗan amine (primary, secondary, tertiary, ko quaternary amides da gaurayensu) sun mamaye, sai kuma abubuwan da suka samo asali daga imidazoline a matsayin wani babban aji na masu hana ruwa mai lalata kwayoyin halitta.

 

Masu Tattara Man Fetur/Sufuri;

 

Bincike da haɓaka surfactants don tattarawa/sufuri na mai da iskar gas a China ya fara ne a shekarun 1960. A yau, akwai nau'ikan samfura 14 da ɗaruruwan kayayyaki. Na'urorin rage yawan mai da ake amfani da su a kowace shekara sun fi cinyewa, tare da buƙatar kusan tan 20,000. China ta ƙirƙiro na'urorin rage yawan mai da aka kera don filayen mai daban-daban, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya na shekarun 1990. Duk da haka, na'urorin rage yawan mai, masu inganta kwararar ruwa, masu rage yawan mai, da kuma na'urorin cire/kakin zuma suna da iyaka, galibi samfuran da aka haɗa ne. Bukatun daban-daban na halayen ɗanyen mai ga waɗannan na'urorin rage yawan mai suna haifar da ƙalubale da kuma buƙatu mafi girma don haɓaka sabbin samfura.

 

Masu Gyaran Ruwa na Ruwa a Filin Mai;

 

Sinadaran maganin ruwa suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin haɓɓaka wuraren mai, inda ake amfani da su a kowace shekara fiye da tan 60,000—kimanin kashi 40% na surfactants ne. Duk da buƙatar da ake da ita, bincike kan surfactants na maganin ruwa a China bai isa ba, kuma yawan samfuran har yanzu bai cika ba. Yawancin samfuran an daidaita su ne daga maganin ruwa na masana'antu, amma saboda sarkakiyar ruwan filin mai, amfaninsu galibi ba shi da kyau, wani lokacin kuma ba ya samar da sakamakon da ake tsammani. A duniya, ci gaban flocculant shine yanki mafi aiki a binciken surfactant na maganin ruwa, wanda ke samar da kayayyaki da yawa, kodayake kaɗan ne aka tsara musamman don maganin sharar gida na filin mai.