Ihe ndị na-eme ka cationic surfactants dị iche na nke anionic surfactants, ya mere a na-akpọkarị cationic surfactants "ncha inverse". Banyere usoro kemịkalụ ha, ha nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu hydrophobic dị ogologo na otu hydrophilic dị mma. A na-enwetakarị otu hydrophobic dị ogologo site na fatty acids ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ petroleum, yabụ fatty amine bụ ihe dị mkpa maka cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants nwere obere ihe nhicha, mana ihe ndị na-egbu nje bacteria na njikọ ha maka adsorption n'elu siri ike pụtara ìhè. Na ihe ịchọ mma, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ntutu dị nro, ihe na-egbu nje, bacteriostats, ihe na-eme ka ahụ dị nro, na ihe mgbakwunye anti-caries, wdg.
1.Nnu amine dị abụba
Abụba amine bụ isi ihe ndị dị ndụ. A naghị agbanye ha n'ime mmiri na-anọpụ iche, ha enweghị ọrụ cationic n'elu ebe a, ha na-agbakwa lipophilic mgbe pH karịrị 7. Nnu amine dị n'okpuru ala nke a na-enweta site na neutralization na inorganic acid ma ọ bụ organic nwere ike ịgbaze zuru oke ma a mata ha nke ọma dị ka cationic surfactants dị irè. Nnu organic na-agbazekarị na mmiri karịa nnu inorganic. A naghị eji ha eme ihe n'ụdị nchacha na ihe nhicha.
Nnu nnu ammonium nke na-abụghị nke quarternary na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na pH, ion multivalent, na electrolytes. Amines ethoxylated, nke e mepụtara site na ethoxylation nke fatty amines, bụ surfactants nke nwere ike dakọtara na cationic surfactants mgbe emechara pH ma nwee ezigbo ihe nhicha. Mgbe ejiri salicylic acid ma ọ bụ salicylic acid wepụ abụba amine n'ahụ.α-chlorobenzoic acid, a pụrụ ime ka ọrụ antifungal ha ka mma. Ngwakọta ammonium nke Quaternary n'etiti abụba amine bụ ụdị cationic surfactants kachasị eji.
Nnu ammonium nke Quaternary nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline media (n'okpuru 100°C). Ngụkọta nke nnu ammonium nke quaternary na-adabere n'ogologo nke yinye alkyl; ka yinye ahụ na-adịte aka, otú ahụ ka ọ na-ebelata ịgbaze n'ime mmiri. Ngụkọta ammonium nke C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary C16-C18 anaghị agbaze nke ọma na mmiri, ha anaghị agbaze n'ime ihe mgbaze polar, ha anaghịkwa agbaze n'ime ihe mgbaze na-abụghị polar. Ngụkọta ammonium nke dialkyl dimethyl quaternary na-agbaze n'ime ihe mgbaze na-abụghị polar ma ha anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri.
Ọrụ pụrụ iche nke nnu ammonium nke quaternary dị na mmịpụta ha n'elu ihe ndị a na-agbaze nke ọma na mmetụta ha na-akpata nje bacteria na nje bacteria. Ọ dị oke mkpa ịmara na njikọta ya na anionic surfactants, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, protein, na ụfọdụ polymers nwere ike ibelata ike ha na-egbu nje bacteria ma ọ bụ kpata ntupu.
Ngụkọta nke nnu alkyl quaternary ammonium na-ejikọta ya na otu hydrophilic; ka otu hydrophilic dị, otú ahụ ka mmiri na-agbaze nke ọma. Akụkụ 5% nke isopropanol ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta mmiri nke 10% nwere pH nke 6-9. Ha nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, iguzogide ìhè, okpomọkụ, asịd siri ike, na alkali siri ike, ma nwee ikike permeability, antistatic properties, mmetụta bactericidal (na C12-C16 bụ nke kachasị dị irè), na mmachi corrosion magburu onwe ya. Ngụkọta alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium nwere otu alkyl ogologo abụọ dị ka otu hydrophobic, na-egosipụta ezigbo nro, antistatic properties, ụfọdụ ikike bactericidal, yana ezigbo mmiri mmiri na emulsifying mmetụta. Ha anaghị akpasu iwe karịa alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, na-egosi cationic properties n'okpuru asịd na-adịghị ike, ma na-emepụta ihe ndị na-abụghị ionic n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-anọpụ iche na alkaline.
2.Nnu Alkyl imidazoline
Alkyl imidazoline bụ ngwaahịa e ji mmeghachi omume nke abụba asịd na ethylenediamines dochie anya mepụta. amide ethylamine nke a na-emepụta site na ikpo ọkụ (na-abụkarị na 220 ~ 240)℃) a na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline bụ monocyclic tertiary amine organic ma bụrụkwa ntọala siri ike nke ọkara. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri sie ike nke a pụrụ itinye n'elu ihe ndị na-adịghị mma, dịka ntutu isi, akpụkpọ ahụ, ezé, iko, akwụkwọ, eriri, ọla, na ihe ndị nwere silicon. Nnu ndị e ji acid mmiri na-agbaze na-etolitekarị gel na oke njupụta. Acetate, nicotinates, phosphates, na sulfates na-agbaze mmiri, ebe nnu fatty acid ha dị ogologo na-agbaze mmanụ. Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nchekwa n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmiri na-adịghị agbaze, mana kristal nwere ike ịpụta mgbe echekwara ogologo oge ma ọ bụ chekwaa ya na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị ala, ọ nwekwara ike ịlaghachi n'ọnọdụ otu mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpalie ya. Mmetụ ya na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri ga-eme ka hydrolysis dịghachi ndụ, na-agbanwe ọrụ ya. Okpomọkụ ogologo oge, ọbụlagodi mgbe okpomọkụ rịrị elu ruo 165℃, agaghị emetụta nkwụsi ike ya, mana agba ya ga-agbanwe. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na ebe ọ bụ na alkyl imidazoline bụ ntọala siri ike nke ukwuu, ọ na-akpasu akpụkpọ ahụ na anya iwe nke ukwuu, ebe nnu alkyl imidazoline belatara nke ukwuu mgbakasị ahụ.
Oge ozi: Feb-25-2026