Shampoo bụ ngwaahịa a na-eji eme ihe kwa ụbọchị iji wepụ unyi n'isi na ntutu isi ma mee ka isi na ntutu dị ọcha. Isi ihe dị na shampoo bụ surfactants (a na-akpọ surfactants), ihe ndị na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, ihe ndị na-echekwa ihe, wdg. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ surfactants. Ọrụ nke surfactants abụghị naanị nhicha, ịfụ ụfụfụ, ijikwa omume rheological, na ịdị nro akpụkpọ ahụ, kamakwa ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na cationic flocculation. Ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike itinye cationic polymer na ntutu, usoro ahụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọrụ elu, ọrụ elu na-enyekwa aka itinye ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru (dịka silicone emulsion, anti-dandruff actives). Ịgbanwe sistemụ surfactant ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe ọkwa electrolyte ga-akpata mmeghachi omume nke mmetụta polymer conditioning na shampoo mgbe niile.
1.Ọrụ tebụl SLES
SLS nwere mmetụta dị mma nke mmiri mmiri, ọ nwere ike imepụta ụfụfụ bara ụba, ma na-emepụta ụfụfụ flash. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-enwe mmekọrịta siri ike na protein ma na-akpasu akpụkpọ ahụ iwe nke ukwuu, yabụ a naghị eji ya eme ihe dị ka isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'elu. Isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na shampoos bụ SLES. Mmetụta adsorption nke SLES na akpụkpọ ahụ na ntutu dị ala karịa nke SLS kwekọrọ. Ngwaahịa SLES nwere oke ethoxylation dị elu agaghị enwe mmetụta adsorption ọ bụla. Na mgbakwunye, ụfụfụ nke SLES Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na iguzogide mmiri siri ike. Akpụkpọ ahụ, karịsịa akpụkpọ ahụ mucous, na-anabata SLES karịa SLS. Sodium laureth sulfate na ammonium laureth sulfate bụ surfactants SLES abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ahịa. Nnyocha nke Long Zhike na ndị ọzọ mere gosiri na laureth sulfate amine nwere oke viscosity nke ụfụfụ, ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ, oke ụfụfụ dị mma, ezigbo ihe nhicha ahụ, na ntutu dị nro mgbe a sachara ya, mana laureth sulfate ammonium nnu ga-ekewapụ gas ammonium n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline, yabụ a na-ejikarị sodium laureth sulfate, nke chọrọ oke pH sara mbara, eme ihe nke ọma, mana ọ na-akpasu iwe karịa nnu ammonium. Ọnụọgụ nke SLES ethoxy units na-abụkarị n'etiti 1 na 5 units. Mgbakwunye nke ethoxy groups ga-ebelata oke micelle (CMC) nke sulfate surfactants. Mbelata kachasị na CMC na-eme mgbe etinyere naanị otu ethoxy group, ebe mgbe etinyere 2 ruo 4 ethoxy groups, mbelata ahụ dị obere. Ka nkeji ethoxy na-abawanye, ndakọrịta nke AES na akpụkpọ ahụ na-akawanye mma, a hụghịkwa ihe ọ bụla na-akpata akpụkpọ ahụ na SLES nwere ihe dị ka nkeji ethoxy 10. Agbanyeghị, iwebata otu ethoxy na-eme ka mmiri nke surfactant dịkwuo mma, nke na-egbochi viscosity iwuli elu, yabụ a chọrọ nguzozi. Ọtụtụ ncha ntutu azụmaahịa na-eji SLES nwere nkezi nke otu ruo atọ nke ethoxy units.
Na nchịkọta, SLES dị ọnụ ala na nhazi shampoo. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ụfụfụ bara ụba, ọ na-eguzogide mmiri siri ike, ọ dị mfe ịka njọ, ma nwee cationic flocculation ngwa ngwa, yabụ ọ ka bụ surfactant kachasị ewu ewu na shampoo ndị dị ugbu a.
2. Ihe ndị na-eme ka amino acid dị n'ime ahụ dị ọcha
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi na SLES nwere dioxane, ndị ahịa atụgharịala gaa na sistemụ surfactant dị nro, dịka sistemụ amino acid surfactant, sistemụ alkyl glycoside surfactant, wdg.
A na-ekewa amino acid surfactants n'ime acyl glutamate, N-acyl sarcosinate, N-methylacyl taurate, wdg.
2.1 Acyl glutamate
A na-ekewa Acyl glutamate n'ime nnu monosodium na nnu disodium. Mmiri mmiri nke nnu monosodium bụ acidic, mmiri mmiri nke nnu disodium bụkwa alkaline. Sistemụ surfactant acyl glutamate nwere ikike ịfụ ụfụfụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ime ka mmiri dị mmiri na ịsa ahụ, yana iguzogide mmiri siri ike nke ka mma ma ọ bụ yie SLES. Ọ dị oke nchebe, ọ gaghị ebute iwe na mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ dị njọ, ọ nwekwara obere nsí foto. , otu ugboro iwe na mucosa anya dị obere, iwe na akpụkpọ ahụ merụrụ ahụ (ngwọta oke 5%) dị nso na nke mmiri. Acyl glutamate nke na-anọchite anya ya bụ disodium cocoyl glutamate. A na-eji acid aki oyibo eke na glutamic acid eme Disodium cocoyl glutamate dị oke nchebe mgbe acyl chloride gasịrị. Li Qiang et al. chọtara na "Nnyocha gbasara ojiji nke Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate na Shampoos na-enweghị Silicone" na itinye disodium cocoyl glutamate na sistemụ SLES nwere ike imeziwanye ikike ịfụ ụfụfụ nke sistemụ ahụ ma belata ihe mgbaàmà ndị yiri SLES. Mkpasu iwe nke ncha ntutu. Mgbe ihe na-eme ka ncha ntutu dị ugboro iri, ugboro iri abụọ, ugboro iri atọ, na ugboro iri ise, disodium cocoyl glutamate emetụtaghị ọsọ na ike nke sistemụ ahụ. Mgbe ihe na-eme ka ncha ntutu dị ugboro iri asaa ma ọ bụ ugboro otu narị, mmetụta nke ncha ntutu na-aka mma, mana ịdị arọ na-esikwu ike. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na e nwere otu carboxyl abụọ na molekul glutamate disodium cocoyl, a na-ejidekwa otu isi hydrophilic na interface ahụ. Ebe buru ibu na-eme ka obere paramita ngwugwu dị mkpa pụta, surfactant na-agbakọta ngwa ngwa n'ụdị okirikiri, na-eme ka o sie ike ịmepụta micelles dị ka ikpuru, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịka njọ.
2.2 N-acyl sarcosinate
N-acyl sarcosinate nwere mmetụta mmiri mmiri n'ime oke acid na-adịghị ike, nwere mmetụta siri ike nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike ma na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, ma nwee oke nnabata maka mmiri siri ike na electrolytes. Nke kacha pụta ìhè bụ sodium lauroyl sarcosinate. . Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate nwere mmetụta nhicha dị mma. Ọ bụ ụdị amino acid surfactant nke a kwadebere site na isi mmalite sitere n'okike nke lauric acid na sodium sarcosinate site na mmeghachi omume nzọụkwụ anọ nke phthalization, condensation, acidification na nhazi nnu. Arụmọrụ nke sodium lauroyl sarcosinate n'ihe gbasara arụmọrụ ụfụfụ, olu ụfụfụ na arụmọrụ defoaming dị nso na nke sodium laureth sulfate. Agbanyeghị, na sistemụ shampoo nwere otu cationic polymer, usoro flocculation nke abụọ dị. ọdịiche doro anya. Na ọkwa ụfụfụ na nhicha, shampoo sistemụ amino acid nwere obere mmịpụta nke na-amịkọrọ karịa sistemụ sulfate; N'ọkwa ịgba mmiri, ọ bụghị naanị na ịgba mmiri na-ebelata ntakịrị, kamakwa ọsọ ịgba mmiri nke shampoo amino acid dị ala karịa nke shampoo sulfate. Wang Kuan et al. chọpụtara na sistemụ ngwakọta nke sodium lauroyl sarcosinate na nonionic, anionic na zwitterionic surfactants. Site na ịgbanwe paramita dịka dose na ratio surfactant, achọpụtara na maka sistemụ ngwakọta abụọ, obere ego nke alkyl glycosides nwere ike nweta ọkpụrụkpụ synergistic; ebe na sistemụ ngwakọta ternary, oke ahụ nwere nnukwu mmetụta na viscosity nke sistemụ ahụ, nke gụnyere Nchikota nke sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine na alkyl glycosides nwere ike nweta mmetụta ka mma nke ịgba mmiri. Sistemụ amino acid surfactant nwere ike ịmụta ihe site na ụdị atụmatụ ịgba mmiri a.
2.3 N-Methylacyltaurine
Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke N-methylacyl taurate yiri nke sodium alkyl sulfate nwere otu ogologo agbụ ígwè. Ọ nwekwara ezigbo ihe na-eme ka ụfụfụ dị mma, pH na ike mmiri anaghị emetụta ya ngwa ngwa. Ọ nwere ezigbo ihe na-eme ka ụfụfụ dị mma n'ụdị acidic na-adịghị ike, ọbụlagodi na mmiri siri ike, yabụ o nwere ọtụtụ ojiji karịa alkyl sulfates, ọ naghịkwa akpasu akpụkpọ ahụ iwe karịa N-sodium lauroyl glutamate na sodium lauryl phosphate. Dị nso, dị ala karịa SLES, ọ bụ obere ihe na-akpasu iwe, dị nro surfactant. Nke kacha anọchite anya ya bụ sodium methyl cocoyl taurate. A na-emepụta sodium methyl cocoyl taurate site na njupụta nke abụba sitere n'okike na sodium methyl taurate. Ọ bụ amino acid surfactant zuru oke nwere ụfụfụ bara ụba na ezigbo nkwụsi ike ụfụfụ. pH na mmiri anaghị emetụta ya. Mmetụta siri ike. Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate nwere mmetụta siri ike synergistic na surfactants amphoteric, ọkachasị ụdị betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants. Zheng Xiaomei na ndị otu ya n'akwụkwọ "Nnyocha gbasara arụmọrụ ojiji nke ihe anọ amino acid surfactants n'ime shampoos" lekwasịrị anya na sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl alanate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, na sodium lauroyl aspartate. E mere nnyocha ntụnyere na arụmọrụ ojiji na shampoo. Site na iji sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) dịka ntụaka, a tụlere arụmọrụ ụfụfụ, ikike nhicha, arụmọrụ ọkpụrụkpụ na arụmọrụ flocculation. Site na nnwale, e kwubiri na arụmọrụ ụfụfụ nke sodium cocoyl alanine na sodium lauroyl sarcosinate dị ntakịrị mma karịa nke SLES; ikike nhicha nke ihe anọ amino acid surfactants enweghị obere ọdịiche, ha niile dịkwa ntakịrị mma karịa SLES; arụmọrụ ọkpụrụkpụ na-adịkarị ala karịa SLES. Site na itinye ihe siri ike iji gbanwee viscosity nke sistemụ ahụ, enwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke sistemụ sodium cocoyl alanine ruo 1500 Pa·s, ebe viscosity nke sistemụ amino acid atọ ndị ọzọ ka dị ala karịa 1000 Pa·s. Usoro flocculation nke amino acid surfactants anọ ahụ dị nro karịa nke SLES, nke na-egosi na shampoo amino acid na-agba ọsọ nwayọ, ebe sistemụ sulfate na-agba ọsọ ọsọ. Na nchịkọta, mgbe ị na-eme ka usoro shampoo amino acid sie ike, ị nwere ike ịtụle itinye surfactants nonionic iji mee ka mkpokọta micelle dịkwuo elu maka ebumnuche nke ịcha. Ị nwekwara ike itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka polymer dị arọ dị ka PEG-120 methylglucose dioleate. Na mgbakwunye, , ijikọta ihe ndị na-eme ka cationic dị mma iji melite njikọta ka bụ ihe siri ike na ụdị nhazi a.
3. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-abụghị alkyl glycoside
Tinyere amino acid surfactants, nonionic alkyl glycoside surfactants (APGs) adọtala mmasị ndị mmadụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi obere mgbakasị ahụ ha, ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi, na ezigbo ndakọrịta na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ejikọtara ya na surfactants dị ka fatty alcohol polyether sulfates (SLES), non-ionic APGs na-ebelata electrostatic repulsion nke anionic groups nke SLES, si otú a na-emepụta nnukwu micelles nwere usoro dị ka mkpanaka. Micelles ndị dị otú ahụ anaghị enwe ike ịbanye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ. Nke a na-ebelata mmekọrịta ya na protein akpụkpọ ahụ na mgbakasị ahụ sitere na ya. Fu Yanling et al. chọpụtara na ejiri SLES mee ihe dị ka anionic surfactant, ejiri cocamidopropyl betaine na sodium lauroamphoacetate mee ihe dị ka zwitterionic surfactants, ejiri decyl glucoside na cocoyl glucoside mee ihe dị ka nonionic surfactants. Mgbe a nwalechara ha, anionic surfactants nwere ihe kacha mma na-afụ ụfụfụ, na-esochi zwitterionic surfactants, na APGs nwere ihe kacha njọ na-afụ ụfụfụ; Ncha ntutu nwere anionic surfactants dị ka ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu nwere flocculation doro anya, ebe zwitterionic surfactants na APGs nwere ihe ndị kacha njọ na-eme ka ntutu dị nro. Enweghị flocculation mere; n'ihe gbasara ịsacha na mmiri mmiri na-eme ka ntutu dị nro, usoro site na nke kacha mma ruo nke kacha njọ bụ: APGs > anions > zwitterionics, ebe n'ime ntutu kpọrọ nkụ, ihe ndị na-eme ka shampoos na anions na zwitterions dị ka isi surfactants hà nhata. , ncha ntutu nwere APGs dị ka isi surfactant nwere ihe ndị kacha njọ na-eme ka ntutu dị nro; ule akpụkpọ anụ chorioallantoic nke embryo ọkụkọ na-egosi na ncha ntutu nwere APGs dị ka isi surfactant bụ nke kachasị dị nro, ebe ncha ntutu nwere anions na zwitterions dị ka isi surfactants bụ nke kachasị dị nro. Ọ dị mma. APGs nwere obere CMC ma bụrụ ihe nchacha dị irè maka akpụkpọ ahụ na sebum lipids. Ya mere, APGs na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi surfactant ma na-eme ka ntutu dị ka nke a na-ewepụ ma kpọọ nkụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha dị nro n'akpụkpọ ahụ, ha nwekwara ike iwepụ abụba ma mee ka akpụkpọ ahụ kpọọ nkụ. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-eji APGs dị ka isi ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, ịkwesịrị ịtụle ókè ha si ewepụ abụba akpụkpọ ahụ. Enwere ike itinye ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma na usoro ahụ iji gbochie dandruff. Maka nkụ, onye dere ya na-echekwa na enwere ike iji ya dị ka shampoo njikwa mmanụ, maka ntụnyere naanị.
Na nchịkọta, isi ihe dị ugbu a maka ọrụ elu na usoro shampoo ka na-achịkwa site na ọrụ elu anionic, nke kewara n'ime usoro abụọ dị mkpa. Nke mbụ, a na-ejikọta SLES na zwitterionic surfactants ma ọ bụ non-ionic surfactants iji belata iwe ya. Usoro usoro a nwere ụfụfụ bara ụba, ọ dị mfe ịka njọ, ma nwee flocculation ngwa ngwa nke cationic na silicone oil conditioners na ọnụ ala dị ala, yabụ ọ ka bụ sistemụ surfactant bụ isi n'ahịa. Nke abụọ, a na-ejikọta nnu amino acid anionic na zwitterionic surfactants iji mee ka arụmọrụ ụfụfụ dịkwuo elu, nke bụ ebe a na-ahụ anya na mmepe ahịa. Ụdị ngwaahịa usoro a dị nro ma nwee ụfụfụ bara ụba. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na usoro nnu amino acid na-efegharị ma na-acha nwayọ nwayọ, ntutu nke ụdị ngwaahịa a kpọrọ nkụ. . APG ndị na-abụghị ionic aghọwo ụzọ ọhụrụ na mmepe shampoo n'ihi ezigbo ndakọrịta ha na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ihe isi ike dị na ịmepụta ụdị usoro a bụ ịchọta surfactants dị irè karị iji mee ka ụba ụfụfụ ya dịkwuo mma, yana ịgbakwunye ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma iji belata mmetụta nke APGs na isi. Ọnọdụ akọrọ.
Oge ozi: Disemba-21-2023