Amphoteric surfactants bụ surfactants nwere otu anionic hydrophilic na otu cationic hydrophilic n'otu molekul. Ihe kacha pụta ìhè ha bụ na ha nwere ike inye ma nabata protons. Ha nwere njirimara ndị a n'oge eji ha: Amphoteric surfactants na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịsa, ịgbasa, emulsifying, sterilizing, softening fibers, na antistatic, a pụkwara iji ha dị ka ihe enyemaka imecha ákwà, ihe enyemaka agba agba, calcium sopersants, dry-cleaning surfactants, na metal corrosion inhibitors, wdg. Ha nwere ezigbo nro, ire ụtọ, na ihe onwunwe antistatic maka ákwà; ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe bacteria na-egbochi na ebu; na ezigbo ihe onwunwe emulsifying na dispersing. Agbanyeghị, ụdị surfactant a dị oke ọnụ, oke ojiji ya dịkwa obere karịa nke ụdị surfactants ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ surfactant dị nro. N'adịghị ka otu anionic ma ọ bụ cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactant molekul nwere ma otu acidic na nke bụ isi n'otu njedebe nke molekul ahụ. Otu ndị dị na acidic bụkarị otu carboxyl, sulfonic acid, ma ọ bụ phosphate, ebe otu ndị bụ isi bụ otu amino ma ọ bụ quaternary ammonium. Enwere ike ịgwakọta ha na anionic na nonionic surfactants ma na-eguzogide acid, alkalis, nnu, na nnu ígwè alkaline.
Ugbu a, a na-ejikarị amphoteric surfactants sịntetik eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe nwere otu carboxylate dị ka ihe anionic ha, ebe ole na ole nwere otu sulfonate; ihe cationic ha bụkarị nnu amine ma ọ bụ nnu ammonium quaternary. A na-akpọ ndị nwere nnu amine dị ka ihe cationic ụdị amino acid; a na-akpọ ndị nwere nnu ammonium quaternary dị ka ihe cationic ụdị betaine.
- Ụdị amino asịd
Mmiri mmiri nke amino acid ụdị amphoteric surfactants bụ alkaline. Mgbe a na-agbakwunye hydrochloric acid nwayọ nwayọ ka a na-akpali ya, ọ dịghị mgbanwe ọ bụla mgbe mmiri ahụ ghọrọ nke na-anọpụ iche. Mmiri mmiri na-etolite mgbe mmiri ahụ ghọrọ ntakịrị acid. Ọ bụrụ na etinyere hydrochloric acid karịa iji mee ka mmiri ahụ sie ike, mmiri mmiri ahụ na-agbaze ọzọ. Nke a na-egosi na ọ na-eme dị ka anionic surfactant na gburugburu alkaline na dị ka cationic surfactant na gburugburu acidic. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ihe onwunwe cationic na anionic dị n'otu kpọmkwem na ebe isoelectric, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata, na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya pụta ìhè. Anion dị na molekul bụ otu carboxyl, cation ahụ bụkwa nnu ammonium. Ụdị surfactant a na-egosipụta ọrụ dị iche iche n'elu ya na mgbanwe na pH nke etiti ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịgbanwe dodecylaminopropionic acid (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) ka ọ bụrụ sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) na sodium hydroxide medium, na-akpa àgwà dị ka anionic surfactant nke mmiri na-agbaze. N'ime hydrochloric acid medium, enwere ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ nnu hydrochloride nke dodecylaminopropionic acid [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], na-akpa àgwà dị ka cationic surfactant nke mmiri na-agbaze. Ọ bụrụ na agbanwee pH nke medium ka ebubo dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma nwee nhazi zuru oke, a na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ nnu dị n'ime (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), nke na-adịghị agbaze nke ọma na mmiri ma na-apụta. A na-akpọ pH n'oge a ebe a isoelectric point. Iji mee ka mmetụta nke amino acid-ụdị amphoteric surfactants, a ga-eji ha na mmiri mmiri nwere pH na-apụ na isi isoelectric. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịkwadebe amphoteric surfactants nke ụdị amino acid gụnyere aliphatic primary amines dị elu, methyl acrylate (lee acrylate esters), acrylonitrile, na chloroacetic acid.
- Bụdị etaine
Amphoteric surfactants nke ụdị Betaine nwere njirimara kachasị ukwuu nke ịgbaze na mmiri mmiri ma ha bụ acidic, neutral ma ọ bụ alkaline. Ha anaghị apụta ọbụna n'ebe isoelectric dị. Na mgbakwunye, ha nwekwara ezigbo ihe onwunwe dịka permeability, detergency na antistatic performance. Ya mere, ha bụ ezigbo emulsifiers na softener.
Carboxybetaine
Anion dị na molekul bụ otu carboxyl, cation ahụ bụkwa otu ammonium quaternary. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], ebe otu alkyl R nwere atọm carbon 12 ruo 18. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị amino acid, ụdị betaine nwere ike ịgbaze na mmiri na acidic, neutral, ma ọ bụ alkaline media, ma ghara ịkpalite ọbụna na isoelectric point, yabụ enwere ike iji ha na mmiri mmiri na pH ọ bụla. Na acidic media, mgbe pH nke isi isoelectric dị ala, ọ na-akpa àgwà dị ka cationic surfactant mmiri na-agbaze [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; na neutral ma ọ bụ alkaline media, ya bụ, mgbe pH hà nhata ma ọ bụ karịa isi isoelectric, ọ na-akpa àgwà dị ka amphoteric surfactant mmiri na-agbaze ma ọ dịghị akpa àgwà dị ka anionic surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants na-etolite ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị na anionic surfactants naanị na acidic media. Enwere ike iji ha na ụdị surfactant ọ bụla na mgbasa ozi nwere ọtụtụ pH. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkwadebe amphoteric surfactants ụdị betaine gụnyere alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines na sodium chloroacetate, wdg.
Sulfotebetaine
Otu anionic dị na molekul bụ otu sulfo (SO3-), otu cationic bụkwa otu ammonium quaternary. Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] na alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. Ọnụọgụ atọm carbon dị na otu alkyl R dị na usoro dị iche iche sitere na 12 ruo 18. Sulfobeteines nwere ihe ndị zuru oke; ha abụghị naanị nwere uru niile nke betaines nkịtị kamakwa ha nwere uru pụrụ iche dịka iguzogide nnukwu mkpokọta nke asịd, alkalis, na nnu. Ugbu a, a na-eji hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] dochie sulfopropyl betaines, nke na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ ahụ n'oge mmepụta. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke otu anionic na cationic nwere otu hydroxyl n'ime nhazi ha, ha abụghị naanị nwere uru niile nke amphoteric surfactants kamakwa ha na-eguzogide nnukwu mkpokọta nke asịd, alkalis, na nnu, ezigbo emulsifying, dispersing, na antistatic properties, yana bactericidal, antifungal, na viscoelastic properties. Ha bụ surfactants nwere arụmọrụ dị mma n'ozuzu ya ma etinyere ha n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche dịka kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, mwepụ mmanụ mmanụ, fracturing, na acidization.
Betaine nke Phospholipid
Otu anionic dị na molekul bụ otu phosphate (HPO4-), otu cationic bụkwa otu ammonium quaternary. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], ebe otu alkyl R nwere atọm carbon 12 ruo 18. Nhazi a na-ekpebi na ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ihe onwunwe dị mma nke amphoteric surfactants dịka wettability, detergency, solubilization, emulsifying na dispersing properties, antistatic property, thermal stability, yana ezigbo ndakọrịta, obere iwe, na uru karịa anionic surfactants izugbe dịka mma alkali resistance, electrolyte resistance, na antistatic property, kamakwa o nwere ike gbasaa ncha calcium siri ike, obere nrụgide elu, na arụmọrụ ụfụfụ dị mma.
Oge ozi: Feb-04-2026