Ngwa nke Surfactants na fatịlaịza
Na-egbochi ịme nri fatịlaịza: Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ fatịlaịza, mmụba ọkwa fatịlaịza, na mmụba gburugburu ebe obibi, ọha mmadụ amanyela nnukwu mkpa na usoro mmepụta fatịlaịza na arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. Ngwa nkesurfactantsnwere ike welie fatịlaịza àgwà. Ime nri bụ ihe ịma aka maka ụlọ ọrụ fatịlaịza ogologo oge, ọkachasị maka ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, urea, na fatịlaịza. Iji gbochie caking, na mgbakwunye na usoro ịkpachara anya n'oge mmepụta, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na nchekwa, a pụrụ itinye surfactants na fatịlaịza.
Urea na-achọ achicha n'oge njem na nchekwa, na-emetụta ire ya na ojiji ya. Ihe a na-eme n'ihi recrystallization n'elu urea granules. Mmiri dị n'ime granules na-akwaga n'elu (ma ọ bụ na-amịkọrọ iru mmiri), na-akpụ akwa mmiri dị mkpa. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-agbanwe, mmiri a na-ekupụ, na-eme ka ngwọta juru eju nke dị n'elu na-egbuke egbuke ma na-eduga na caking.
Na China, fatịlaịza nitrogen dị n'ụdị atọ: ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, na amide nitrogen. Nitro fatịlaịza bụ fatịlaịza ngwakọta nke nwere ma ammonium na nitrate nitrogen. N'adịghị ka urea, nitrate nitrogen na fatịlaịza nitro nwere ike ịmịnye ya ozugbo site na ihe ọkụkụ na-enweghị ntụgharị nke abụọ, na-ebute arụmọrụ dị elu. Nitro compound fatịlaịza kwesịrị ekwesị maka mkpụrụ ego dị ka ụtaba, ọka, melons, mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri, na osisi mkpụrụ osisi, na-arụ ọrụ dị mma karịa urea na ala alkaline na mpaghara karst. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na nitro compound fatịlaịza bụ tumadi bụ ammonium nitrate, nke bụ nke ukwuu hygroscopic na-aga n'ihu na-adọ kristal mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ha na-enwere caking.
Ngwa nke Surfactants na mmezi ala emetọọ
Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, na plastik, dị iche iche hydrophobic organic pollutants (eg, mmanụ ala hydrocarbons, halogenated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides) na arọ metal ion na-abanye n'ime ala site ntufu, ntapu, mmepụta mmepụta ihe, na mkpofu mkpofu. Hydrophobic organic pollutants na-ejikọta ngwa ngwa na ihe organic ala, na-ebelata bioavailability ha ma na-egbochi itinye ala n'ọrụ.
Ihe ndị dị n'elu, ịbụ ụmụ irighiri ihe amphiphilic, na-egosipụta mmekọrịta siri ike maka mmanụ, hydrocarbons aromatic, na halogenated organics, na-eme ka ha dị irè na nhazi ala.
Ngwa nke Surfactants na nchekwa mmiri nke ugbo
Ụkọ ọkọchị bụ okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana mfu ihe ọkụkụ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-adaba n'ihe ndapụta site na ọdachi ihu igwe ndị ọzọ. Usoro nke ikpochapu evaporation gụnyere ịgbakwunye surfactants na sistemu chọrọ njigide mmiri (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ugbo, ihe ọkụkụ), na-akpụ ihe nkiri monomolecular na-enweghị ike ime n'elu. Ihe nkiri a na-enwe oke ikuku evaporation, na-ebelata mpaghara evaporative dị irè na ichekwa mmiri.
Mgbe a na-efesa ya n'elu osisi, ndị surfactants na-etolite usoro gbakwasara agbawa: njedebe ha hydrophobic (na-eche ihu osisi ahụ) na-achụpụ ma gbochie evaporation nke mmiri dị n'ime, ebe njedebe hydrophilic ha (na-eche ihu ikuku) na-eme ka ikuku mmiri dị jụụ. Mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ na-egbochi mfu mmiri, na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ma na-ebuli mkpụrụ.
Mmechi
Na nchịkọta, surfactants nwere ngwa sara mbara na teknụzụ ugbo ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ka usoro ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ na-apụta na ihe ịma aka mmetọ ọhụụ na-ebilite, ọchịchọ maka nyocha na mmepe dị elu ga-eto. Naanị site n'ịmepụta surfactants dị elu nke ahaziri maka ubi a, anyị nwere ike ime ka mmezu nke imeziwanye ọrụ ugbo na China ngwa ngwa.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-15-2025