Gịnị bụ ngwa nke surfactants na oilfield ngalaba?

Dị ka usoro nhazi nke kemịkalụ ebe mmanụ si dị, a pụrụ ekewa ndị surfactants maka ojiji mmanụ site na ngwa n'ime ihe ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ na-agbake, mmanụ na gas na-anakọta / mbufe surfactants, na mmiri ọgwụgwọ surfactants.

 

Ndị na-egwu mmiri Surfactants;

 

N'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta mmanụ, ihe ndị na-egwupụta ihe (gụnyere ihe mgbakwunye mmiri na-egwupụta mmiri na ihe mgbakwunye cimenting) na-akpata oke oriri kachasị ukwuu - ihe dịka 60% nke mkpokọta mmanụ na-eme ihe. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta, ọ bụ ezie na ha pere mpe n'ọtụtụ, nwere ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ, na-eme ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mkpokọta. Nkeji abụọ a na-ejigide mkpa dị mkpa na ngwa surfactant oilfield.

Na China, nyocha lekwasịrị anya n'akụkụ abụọ bụ isi: ịbawanye ojiji nke akụrụngwa ọdịnala yana imepụta polymer sịntetik (gụnyere monomers). Na mba ụwa, nyocha ihe mgbakwunye mmiri na-eme ka ọpụrụiche, na-ekwusi ike na otu sulfonic acid nwere polymers sịntetik dị ka ntọala maka ngwaahịa dị iche iche — omume nwere ike ịkpụzi mmepe n'ọdịnihu. Emeela ọganiihu na ndị na-ebelata viscosity, ihe na-achịkwa ọnwụ mmiri, na mmanụ mmanu. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a nakweere ihe ndị na-aṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya polymeric nwere mmetụta isi ojii n'ofe ụlọ mmanụ, na-etolite usoro usoro mmiri mmiri na-egbu mmanya polymeric. Na mgbakwunye, methyl glucoside na mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta glycerin egosipụtala nsonaazụ ngwa ubi na-ekwe nkwa, na-akwalite mmepe nke ndị na-egwupụta ihe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe mgbakwunye mmiri mmiri nke China na-agbakọ ụdị 18 nwere ihe karịrị otu puku ụdị, yana oriri kwa afọ na-eru nso tọn 300,000.

 

Mmepụta Surfactants;

 

E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-egwupụta ihe, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta dị ole na ole n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche, karịsịa ndị a na-eji na acidizing na fracturing. Na-agbaji surfactants, nchọpụta banyere gelling agents na-elekwasị anya na chịngọm osisi eke gbanwetụrụ na cellulose, yana polymers sịntetik dị ka polyacrylamide. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọganihu mba ụwa n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka acidizing dị nwayọọ, na R&D mesiri ike na-aga n'ihu.ihe mgbochi corrosionmaka acidizing. A na-emepụta ihe mgbochi ndị a site n'ịgbanwe ma ọ bụ ịgwakọta ihe ndị dị adị, yana ebumnuche nkịtị nke ịhụ na ọ dị ala ma ọ bụ na-adịghị egbu egbu na mmanụ / mmiri solubility ma ọ bụ mgbasa mmiri. Amine dabere, quaternary ammonium, na alkyne mmanya na-egbochi ndị na-egbochi mmanya na-aba ụba, ebe ndị na-egbochi aldehyde agbadala n'ihi nchegbu nsi. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes nwere amines dị obere arọ (dịka ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), na emulsifiers acid-in-mmanụ. Na China, nyocha banyere ihe ndị na-ahụ maka mgbaji na mmiri acid na-akụda ala akwụsịla, na-enwe ọganihu dị ntakịrị karịa ihe mgbochi corrosion. N'ime ngwaahịa ndị dịnụ, ogige amine (primary, secondary, tertiary, ma ọ bụ quaternary amides na ngwakọta ha) na-achịkwa, nke imidazoline na-esote ya dị ka klas ọzọ bụ isi nke ihe mgbochi corrosion organic.

 

Mkpokọta mmanụ na gas na ihe ndị na-eme njem;

 

Nnyocha na mmepe nke surfactants maka mkpọkọta mmanụ na gas na China malitere na 1960s. Taa, enwere ụdị 14 nwere ọtụtụ narị ngwaahịa. Ihe ndị na-emepụta mmanụ aṅụ bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na-achọ ihe dị ka tọn 20,000 kwa afọ. China ewepụtala demulsifier ahaziri maka ebe mmanụ dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa nke afọ 1990. Otú ọ dị, wụsa ihe ndị na-akụda mmụọ, ndị na-ebuwanye ibu, ndị na-ebelata viscosity, na ndị na-ewepụ ihe/mgbochi waks ka dị oke, na-abụkarị ngwaahịa agwakọtara. Ihe dị iche iche chọrọ nke mmanụ crude dị iche iche maka ndị a surfactants na-ebute ihe ịma aka na ihe dị elu maka mmepe ngwaahịa ọhụrụ.

 

Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke Oilfield;

 

Kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri bụ ngalaba dị oke egwu na mmepe mmanụ, yana oriri kwa afọ karịrị tọn 60,000 - ihe dịka 40% bụ ihe ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ihe a na-achọ, nyocha banyere ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri na China ezughị oke, na ụdị ngwaahịa ahụ ka na-ezughị ezu. A na-emegharị ọtụtụ ngwaahịa site na ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke mmiri mmanụ mmanụ, ntinye ha na-adịkarị njọ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-adịghị ebute nsonaazụ a tụrụ anya ya. Na mba ụwa, mmepe flocculant bụ mpaghara kacha arụsi ọrụ ike na nyocha nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri, na-enye ọtụtụ ngwaahịa, n'agbanyeghị ole na ole ka emebere maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu n'ubi mmanụ.