Ihe Ndị Na-achịkwa Ịkwụsi Ike nke Emulsions;
N'ọrụ bara uru, nkwụsi ike nke emulsion na-ezo aka n'ike nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke usoro gbasasịrị iji guzogide njikọ. N'ime usoro maka ịlele nkwụsi ike emulsion, ọnụego nke ngwakọta n'etiti ụmụ irighiri mmiri gbasasịrị dị oke mkpa; enwere ike ikpebi ya site n'ịtụle otu ọnụọgụ nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri kwa olu otu si agbanwe ka oge na-aga. Ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị na emulsion na-ejikọta na ndị buru ibu ma mechaa mee ka ha gbawaa, ọsọ nke usoro a dabere na ihe ndị a: njirimara anụ ahụ nke ihe nkiri interfacial, mwepu electrostatic n'etiti ụmụ irighiri mmiri, mgbochi steric sitere na ihe nkiri polymer, viscosity nke usoro na-aga n'ihu, nha na nkesa nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri, oke olu nke usoro, okpomọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
N'ime ihe ndị a, ọdịdị anụ ahụ nke ihe nkiri interfacial, mmekọrịta eletriki, na mgbochi steric bụ ihe kachasị mkpa.
(1) Njirimara Anụ Ahụ nke Ihe Nkiri Ihu
Nkpọkọ n'etiti ụmụ irighiri mmiri ndị gbasasịrị agbasasị bụ ihe dị mkpa maka njikọta. Nkọkọ na-aga n'ihu n'akwụsịghị akwụsị, na-ebelata obere ụmụ irighiri mmiri ka ha bụrụ ndị buru ibu ruo mgbe emulsion ahụ gbawara. N'oge nkpọkọ na njikọta, ike igwe nke ihe nkiri interfacial nke droplet na-eguzo dị ka ihe kacha ekpebi nkwụsi ike emulsion. Iji nye ihe nkiri interfacial ike dị ukwuu, ọ ghaghị ịbụ ihe nkiri kwụ ọtọ—ụmụ irighiri ihe surfactant ya ndị nwere ike dị ike jikọtara ọnụ. Ihe nkiri ahụ aghaghịkwa inwe ezigbo njupụta, nke mere na mgbe mmebi mpaghara mere site na nkpọkọ mmiri, ọ nwere ike idozi onwe ya ozugbo.
(2) Mmekọrịta eletriki
Ebe ntapụ mmiri dị na emulsions nwere ike ịnweta ụgwọ ụfọdụ maka ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche: ionization nke ionic surfactants, adsorption nke ion ụfọdụ n'elu ntapụ mmiri, esemokwu dị n'etiti ntapụ mmiri na ihe gbara ya gburugburu, wdg. Na mmanụ-n'ime mmiri (O/W), ịchaji ntapụ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi nchịkọta, njikọta, na mmebi n'ikpeazụ. Dịka ozizi colloid stability si kwuo, ike van der Waals na-adọta ntapụ mmiri ọnụ; mana mgbe ntapụ mmiri dị nso nke ọma ka akwa abụọ nke elu ha wee dakọọ, nchụpụ electrostatic na-egbochi nsochi ọzọ. O doro anya na ọ bụrụ na nchụpụ karịrị ihe na-adọta mmasị, ntapụ mmiri anaghị adị mfe ịkọta ma jikọta, emulsion ahụ na-anọgidekwa na-adịgide; ma ọ bụghị ya, nchụpụ mmiri na mgbawa na-esochi.
Maka emulsions mmiri-n'ime-mmanụ (W/O), ntapụ mmiri na-ebu obere chajị, ebe ọ bụ na usoro na-aga n'ihu nwere obere dielectric constant na akwa okpukpu abụọ dị arọ, mmetụta electrostatic na-enwe obere mmetụta na nkwụsi ike.
(3) Nkwụsi ike nke Steric
Mgbe polima na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri ahụ, oyi akwa ahụ na-aghọ nke buru ibu karịa, na-emepụta ihe nchebe siri ike gburugburu mmiri ọ bụla—ihe mgbochi oghere nke na-egbochi mmiri ka ọ ghara ịbịaru nso ma metụ aka. Ọdịdị lyophilic nke molekul polima na-ejidekwa nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-aga n'ihu n'ime oyi akwa nchebe ahụ, na-eme ka ọ dị ka gel. N'ihi ya, mpaghara interfacial na-egosipụta viscosity interfacial dị elu na viscoelasticity dị mma, nke na-enyere aka igbochi njikọta droplet ma chekwaa nkwụsi ike. Ọ bụrụgodị na ụfọdụ coalescence emee, polima emulsifiers na-ezukọkarị na njikọ ahụ na-ebelata na ụdị fibrous ma ọ bụ kristal, na-eme ka ihe nkiri interfacial sie ike ma si otú a na-egbochi njikọta ọzọ.
(4) Nha nha ntapụ mmiri nha ...
Mgbe e kewara otu usoro nke gbasaara n'ime ntapụ mmiri nke nha dị iche iche, sistemụ ahụ nke nwere ntapụ mmiri buru ibu nwere obere mpaghara interfacial zuru oke ma si otú a na-ebelata ike interfacial, na-enye nkwụsi ike thermodynamic ka ukwuu. N'ime emulsion ebe ntapụ mmiri nke ma nnukwu ma obere nha na-adịkọ, obere ntapụ mmiri na-ebelata mgbe nnukwu ndị na-eto. Ọ bụrụ na ọganihu a na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị njikwa, mgbawa ga-emesịa mee. Ya mere, emulsion nwere nkesa nha ntapụ mmiri dị warara, nke otu nha na-adịgide karịa nke nkezi nha ntapụ mmiri ya bụ otu mana nke nha ya sara mbara.
(5) Mmetụta nke Okpomọkụ
Mgbanwe okpomọkụ nwere ike ịgbanwe nrụgide dị n'etiti ihu, njirimara na viscosity nke ihe nkiri interfacial, ike nke emulsifier n'ime usoro abụọ ahụ, nrụgide uzuoku nke usoro mmiri mmiri, na mmegharị okpomọkụ nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri gbasaa. Mgbanwe ndị a niile nwere ike imetụta nkwụsi ike emulsion ma nwee ike ibute mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mmebi nke usoro.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-27-2025