Usoro nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ dị ọcha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na usoro mgbanwe nke usoro-nnyefe-reverse-deformation. Mgbe etinyere ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, mgbanwe nke usoro na-eme: ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha nke nwere ike imepụta ụdị emulsion dị iche na nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha (nke a maara dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro) na-apụta. Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị otú ahụ na-emeghachi omume na ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha wee mepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya, si otú a na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha ghara inwe ike ime ka mmiri dị ọcha.
Usoro ọzọ bụ mgbawa nke ihe nkiri interfacial nke na-akpata nkụkọ. N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ahụ ghara ịdị mma nwere ohere zuru oke iji kụkọta ihe nkiri interfacial nke emulsion ahụ, ma ọ bụ na-abanye na ya ma ọ bụ na-akwaga ma na-edochi akụkụ nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, si otú a na-emebi ihe nkiri ahụ. Nke a na-ebelata nkwụsi ike nke ukwuu, na-akpali flocculation na coacence nke na-eduga na demulsification.
Emulsion mmanụ ala na-apụtakarị n'oge mmepụta na ime ka mmanụ ala dị ọcha. Ọtụtụ n'ime mmanụ ala ala kacha mkpa n'ụwa na-enweta n'ọnọdụ emulsion. Emulsion nwere opekata mpe mmiri mmiri abụọ a na-apụghị ịgbasa agbawa, otu n'ime ha a gbasasịrị nke ọma - obere mmiri dị ihe dịka 1 μm na dayameta - n'ime nke ọzọ.
Otu n'ime mmiri ndị a na-abụkarị mmiri, nke ọzọ na-abụkarị mmanụ. Mmanụ nwere ike ịgbasa nke ọma n'ime mmiri nke na emulsion ahụ na-aghọ ụdị mmanụ n'ime mmiri (O/W), ebe mmiri bụ usoro na-aga n'ihu ma na-ete mmanụ n'usoro a gbasaara agbasa. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na mmanụ etolite usoro na-aga n'ihu ma na-agba mmiri n'usoro a gbasaara agbasa, emulsion ahụ bụ ụdị mmiri n'ime mmanụ (W/O)—ọtụtụ emulsions mmanụ dị nro so na nke ikpeazụ a.
Mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na-adọta ibe ha, dịka mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ si adọta; mana n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ dị iche iche, enwere ike na-asọ oyi na njikọ ha. Nrụgide elu na-ebelata mpaghara interfacial, yabụ ntapụ mmiri dị na emulsion W/O na-achọkarị sphericity. Ọzọkwa, ntapụ mmiri nke ọ bụla na-akwado nchịkọta, nke oke elu ya pere mpe karịa mkpokọta mpaghara ntapụ mmiri dị iche iche. Ya mere, emulsion nke mmiri dị ọcha na mmanụ dị ọcha adịghị eguzosi ike n'onwe ya: usoro gbasaara na-adaba na coalescence, na-emepụta akwa abụọ kewapụrụ onwe ha ozugbo e gbochiri repulsion interfacial - dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na mkpokọta kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na interface, nke na-ebelata nrụgide elu. N'ụzọ teknụzụ, ọtụtụ ngwa na-eji mmetụta a eme ihe site na ịgbakwunye emulsifiers a ma ama iji mepụta emulsions kwụsiri ike. Ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka emulsion sie ike n'ụzọ dị otu a ga-enwerịrị usoro kemịkalụ nke na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'otu oge na ma mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na mmanụ - ya bụ, ọ kwesịrị ịnwe otu hydrophilic na otu hydrophobic.
Emulsions mmanụ ala na-adabere na ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị n'ime mmanụ ahụ, na-enwekarị otu polar dị ka carboxyl ma ọ bụ otu phenolic. Ndị a nwere ike ịdị ka ngwọta ma ọ bụ mgbasa colloidal, na-enwe mmetụta pụrụ iche mgbe ejikọtara ya na njikọ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime ha na-agbasa n'oge mmanụ ma na-agbakọta na njikọ mmanụ na mmiri, na-ahazi akụkụ n'akụkụ na otu polar ha na-eche ihu mmiri. Ya mere, oyi akwa interfacial kwụsiri ike na-etolite, dị ka sheath siri ike yiri oyi akwa particulate ma ọ bụ paraffin kristal lattice. N'anya gba ọtọ, nke a na-apụta dị ka mkpuchi na-ekpuchi oyi akwa interface. Usoro a na-akọwa ịka nká nke emulsions mmanụ ala na ihe isi ike nke imebi ha.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nnyocha e mere gbasara usoro mwepụ mmanụ emulsion nke emulsion mmanụ ala elekwasịla anya nke ukwuu n'inyocha usoro njikọta mmiri na mmetụta nke demulsifiers na njirimara rheological interfacial. Ma n'ihi na ọrụ nke demulsifiers na emulsions dị oke mgbagwoju anya, n'agbanyeghịkwa ọmụmụ ihe sara mbara n'ọhịa a, ọ dịghị ozizi dị n'otu nke usoro mwepụ mmanụ ala apụtala.
A maara ọtụtụ usoro ugbu a:
③ Usoro Mgbakwunye Mmiri– Otu molekul ma ọ bụ molekul ole na ole nke demulsifier nwere ike ịmepụta micelles; macromolecular coils ma ọ bụ micelles ndị a na-agbaze molekul emulsifier, na-ebute mmebi nke mmanụ a gwakọtara agwakọta.
④ Usoro mgbanwe a kpọchiri akpọchi - Ihe ndị a hụrụ na microscopic na-egosi na emulsions W/O nwere okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ shei mmiri, yana shei mmanụ dị n'etiti ha. N'okpuru mmetụta nke ikpo ọkụ, mkpali, na ọrụ demulsifier, akwa dị n'ime nke droplet na-ejikọ ọnụ, na-eduga na njikọ droplet na demulsifiation.
Ọzọkwa, nnyocha e mere n'ime obodo gbasara usoro mwepụ ihe mkpofu maka sistemu mmanụ O/W nke emulsed na-egosi na ihe mkpofu ihe mkpofu zuru oke ga-emezu ihe ndị a: ọrụ siri ike n'elu; arụmọrụ mmiri dị mma; ike zuru oke nke na-agbagharị agbagharị; na ikike ijikọ ihe nke ọma.
A na-enweta Demulsifiers dị iche iche; a na-ekewa ha site na ụdị surfactant, ha gụnyere ụdị cationic, anionic, nonionic, na ụdị zwitterionic.
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha nke Anionic: carboxylates, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate esters, wdg. Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma gụnyere oke dose, arụmọrụ adịghị mma, na ohere maka mbelata arụmọrụ n'ihu electrolytes.
Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha: nnu ammonium nke dị n'okpuru ala (quaternary ammonium salts)—dị irè maka mmanụ dị mfe mana ọ dịghị mma maka mmanụ dị arọ ma ọ bụ nke ochie.
Ndị na-emebi ihe na-abụghị nke a na-ahụ anya: ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke ndị amines malitere; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke ndị alcohols malitere; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke alkylphenol-formaldehyde; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke phenol-amine-formaldehyde; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na silicone; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke ukwuu; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke ukwuu; ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke a gbanwere agbanwe; na ndị na-emebi ihe na-adịghị na ya nke zwitterionic nke ndị na-emebi ihe na mmanụ imidazoline na-anọchite anya ya.
Oge ozi: Disemba-04-2025