1. Te ariā o te pōrewatanga
Ko te whakapūmau, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapūmau i te whakapūmau, he hangarau tukatuka kohuke e wehewehe ana i ngā kohuke whai hua mai i ngā kohuke gangue i te atanga āhua hau-wai-totoka mā te whakamahi i ngā rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga mata o ngā kohuke rerekē i roto i ngā konganuku, ā, e kiia ana hoki ko te "wehenga atanga". Ko ngā tukanga hangarau katoa e whakamahi tika ana, e whakamahi ā-kore rānei i ngā atanga āhua hei whakatutuki i te wehenga matūriki i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga atanga o ngā matūriki kohuke rerekē, e kiia ana ko te whakapūmau.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā kohuke e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki kohuke, pērā i te mākū o te mata, ngā āhuatanga hiko o te mata, ngā momo, te mākū, me te mahi o ngā hononga matū o ngā ngota mata, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki kohuke rerekē. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki, ka taea te wehe me te whakarei ake i ngā kohuke mā te awhina o ngā atanga ā-wāhanga. Nō reira, ko te tukanga whakamānu e uru ana ki ngā atanga ā-toru-wāhanga hau-wai-totoka.
Ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā kohuke mā te wawaotanga horihori, me te whāinga kia nui ake ngā rerekētanga o te mata i waenga i ngā kohuke whai hua me ngā matūriki kohuke gangue hei whakahaere i tō rātou wehenga. I roto i te whakapūmau, ka whakamahia ngā matū whakapūmau hei whakarerekē horihori i ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā kohuke, hei whakawhānui i ngā rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o te mata i waenga i ngā kohuke, hei whakanui, hei whakaiti rānei i te ātete wai o ngā mata o ngā kohuke, kia taea ai te whakarerekē me te whakahaere i te whanonga whakapūmau o ngā kohuke me te whiwhi hua wehenga pai ake. Nō reira, he hononga tata te tono me te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakapūmau ki ngā matū whakapūmau.
I te mea he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki kohuke i ngā tawhā ā-tinana o ngā kohuke pēnei i te mātotoru me te ngoikore o te aukume, he uaua ki te whakarerekē, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki kohuke hei whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te mata e hiahiatia ana i waenga i ngā kohuke hei wehenga. Nō reira, he whānui te whakamahinga o te whakapūmautanga i roto i te wehenga kohuke, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko te tikanga tukatuka kohuke whānui. Koinei te tikanga tukatuka kohuke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whai hua ana hoki i roto i te wehenga o ngā rauemi pai me ngā rauemi tino pai.
2. Ngā Whakamahinga o te Whakarewatanga
Ko te tukatuka kohuke he mahi whakaputa e whakarite ana i ngā rauemi mata mō te whakarewa konganuku me te ahumahi matū, ā, kua noho te whakapūtanga pahuka hei tētahi o ngā tikanga tukatuka kohuke tino nui. Tata ki ngā rauemi kohuke katoa ka taea te wehewehe mā te whakapūtanga.
I tēnei wā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakapūmau i roto i ngā konganuku whakarewa ferrous, ko te nuinga hei whakapai ake i te rino me te manganese, pērā i te hematite, te smithsonite, te ilmenite me ētahi atu kohuke; ko ngā konganuku utu nui hei whakapai ake i te koura me te hiriwa; ko ngā konganuku whakarewa kore-ferrous pērā i te parahi, te mata, te konutea, te cobalt, te nickel, te molybdenum, te antimony, tae atu ki ngā kohuke sulfide pērā i te galena, te sphalerite, te chalcopyrite, te chalcocite, te molybdenite, te pentlandite, me ngā kohuke waikura pērā i te malachite, te cerussite, te hemimorphite, te cassiterite, te wolframite; te wehenga o ngā kohuke tote kore-whakarewa pērā i te fluorite, te apatite, te barite, me ngā kohuke tote wairewa pērā i te tote potash me te tote toka; tae atu ki te wehenga o ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa me ngā kohuke silicate pērā i te waro, te graphite, te whanariki, te taimana, te quartz, te mika, te feldspar, te beryl, te spodumene.
He nui ngā wheako kua kohia e te Whakarewa i roto i te ao tukatuka kohuke, me te haere tonu o te ahunga whakamua hangarau. Mō ngā kohuke iti te kounga me te matatini o te hanganga i whakaarohia i mua kāore he uara whakamahinga ahumahi, kei te hangaruahia inaianei (ngā rauemi tuarua) mā te whakarewa.
I te mea ka iti haere ngā rauemi kohuke, ka tohatohahia ngā kohuke whai hua ki roto i ngā konganuku, ā, ka whakaranua ki roto i ngā konganuku, ka uaua ake te wehewehe; hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga a ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā rauemi whakarewa me ngā matū mō ngā paerewa kounga me te tika o ngā rauemi mata kua tukatukahia, arā, ngā hua kua wehea.
I tētahi taha, me whakapai ake te kounga; i tētahi atu taha, mō te raruraru he uaua ki te wehewehe i ngā kohuke nā te rahi o ngā matūriki, kua piki haere te pai o te whakamahi i te whakapūngao i ētahi atu tikanga, ā, koinei te tikanga tukatuka kohuke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whai hua ana hoki i tēnei wā. Kua āta whanake haere ngā tikanga whakapūngao mai i te whakamahinga tuatahi mō ngā kohuke whanariki ki ngā kohuke waikura me ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa. Ināianei, ko te tapeke o ngā kohuke e tukatukahia ana e te whakapūngao puta noa i te ao e eke ana ki te piriona tāne i ia tau.
I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kāore te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakapūmau i te herea noa ki te ao o te miihini tukatuka kohuke, engari kua whānui haere ki te tiaki taiao, te mahi whakarewa, te hanga pepa, te ahuwhenua, te ahumahi matū, te kai, ngā rauemi, te rongoā, te koiora me ētahi atu ao.
Hei tauira, ko te whakaora mānu o ngā wāhanga whai hua i roto i ngā hua takawaenga, ngā mea whakakorikori me ngā para o te pyrometallurgy; te whakaora mānu o ngā toenga waimetallurgical me ngā hua ua kua nekehia; te whakamanu i roto i te umanga matū hei tango i te waituhi o te pepa hangarua me te whakaora muka mai i te wai para penupenu; te tango hinu mata taumaha mai i te onepu o te awa, te wehenga o ngā poke totoka iti, ngā colloid, ngā huakita, me te tango i ngā poke konganuku iti mai i te para wai, he whakamahinga noa iho ēnei i roto i te hangarau taiao.
I te whakapainga ake o ngā tukanga me ngā tikanga whakapūmau, me te putanga mai o ngā matū me ngā taputapu whakapūmau hou, whai hua hoki, ka whānui ake te whakamahinga o te whakapūmau i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā mara. Me mōhio anō hoki, i te whakamahinga o ngā tukanga whakapūmau, ka nui ake te utu tukatuka i ngā matū (ki te whakataurite ki te wehenga aukume me te wehenga kaha); he tino pakari te rahi o te matūriki e hiahiatia ana mō te whakapai ake; he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tukanga whakapūmau, me ngā whakaritenga hangarau teitei; ā, he kino ki te taiao te wai para kei roto ngā matū toenga.
3. Ngā ihirangi o te rangahau pōrewatanga
Kei roto i te tukanga whakapūmau he kohuke totoka me ngā rauemi wehewehe (wai, hau). Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te rangahau ko ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakapūmau, ngā matū whakapūmau, ngā mīhini whakapūmau, ngā tukanga whakapūmau, me ētahi atu.
Ko te ariā taketake o te whakapūmautanga ko te āheinga whakapūmautanga o ngā kohuke, ngā āhuatanga o ngā atanga wehenga, me ētahi atu, te ako i ngā āhuatanga o ngā atanga ā-wāhanga, te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ā-wāhanga, te tikanga whakapūmautanga o ngā mirumiru, me ētahi atu; ko te rangahau mō ngā matū whakapūmautanga ko ngā momo, ngā hanganga, ngā āhuatanga, ngā tikanga mahi, ngā tikanga whakarite me te whakamahinga o ngā matū whakapūmautanga; ko te rangahau mō ngā mīhini whakapūmautanga ko te hanganga, te mātāpono mahi me ngā wā tono o ngā mīhini whakapūmautanga; ko te rangahau mō ngā tukanga whakapūmautanga e pā ana ki te hanganga tukanga, te awe me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga tukanga, me te pūnaha matū whakapūmautanga; hei tāpiri, he rangahau mō te tono mahi a ngā momo konganuku.
Ko te pūnaha ariā o te rangahau pōrewatanga e uru ana ki ngā marautanga pēnei i te matū tukanga, te matū waro, te matū kore-waro, te matū ā-tinana (te matū atanga, te matū colloid), te miihini wai, te miihini, te kimi aunoa, me te tātari hangarau me te ōhanga.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-09-2026