Ko te whakakī i ngā konganuku he mahi whakaputa e whakarite ana i ngā rauemi mata mō te whakarewa konganuku me te umanga matū. Ko te whakapūtanga pahuka kua noho hei tētahi o ngā tikanga tino nui o te tukatuka kohuke. Tata ki ngā rauemi kohuke katoa ka taea te wehewehe mā te whakamahi i te whakapūtanga.
Kei te whakamahia whānuitia te whakapūmau i roto i te tukatuka i ngā konganuku whakarewa ferrous e whakamahia ana te rino me te manganese, pērā i te hematite, te smithsonite, me te ilmenite; ngā konganuku utu nui pērā i te koura me te hiriwa; ngā konganuku whakarewa kore-ferrous tae atu ki te parahi, te mata, te konutea, te cobalt, te nickel, te molybdenum, me te antimony, pērā i ngā kohuke sulfide pērā i te galena, te sphalerite, te chalcopyrite, te chalcocite, te molybdenite, me te pentlandite, tae atu ki ngā kohuke waikura pērā i te malachite, te cerussite, te hemimorphite, te cassiterite, me te wolframite; ngā kohuke tote kore-whakarewa pērā i te fluorite, apatite, me te barite; me ngā kohuke tote wairewa pērā i te sylvite me te tote toka. Ka whakamahia hoki mō te wehenga o ngā kohuke me ngā silicates kore-whakarewa, tae atu ki te waro, te graphite, te whanariki, te taimana, te quartz, te mika, te feldspar, te beryl, me te spodumene.
Kua nui te wheako o te mahi whakapūmau i roto i te ao tukatuka kohuke, me te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga hangarau. Ahakoa ngā kohuke iti te kounga me te uaua o te hanganga i whakaarohia i mua kāore e taea te whakamahi i roto i te ahumahi, ka taea te whakaora me te whakamahi (hei rauemi tuarua) mā te whakapūmau.
I te mea ka iti haere ngā rauemi kohuke, ā, ka tohatohahia ngā kohuke whai hua ki roto i ngā konganuku kia maeneene, kia rerekē hoki, ka piki ake te uaua o te wehewehe. Hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, e hiahia ana ngā ahumahi pēnei i te whakarewa me ngā matū kia teitei ake ngā paerewa kounga me te tika mō ngā rauemi mata kua tukatukahia, arā, ngā hua kua wehea.
I tētahi taha, me whakapai ake te kounga; i tētahi atu taha, kei te piki haere te kitea o ngā painga o te whakapūmau i ngā tikanga kē atu hei whakatika i te wero o ngā kohuke pai rawa atu e uaua ana ki te wehewehe. Kua noho koia te tikanga tukatuka kohuke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whai hua ana hoki i ēnei rā. I te tīmatanga i whakamahia ki ngā kohuke whanariki, kua whānui haere te whakapūmau ki ngā kohuke waikura, ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa, me ētahi atu. I tēnei wā, e piriona tāne o ngā kohuke e tukatukahia ana mā te whakapūmau puta noa i te ao i ia tau.
I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kāore te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakatere e herea noa ki te hangarau tukatuka kohuke engari kua whānui haere ki te tiaki taiao, te mahi whakarewa, te hanga pepa, te ahuwhenua, ngā matū, te kai, ngā rauemi, te rongoā, me te koiora.
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te whakapūmau hei whakaora i ngā wāhanga whai hua mai i ngā hua takawaenga o te pyrometallurgy, ngā mea mimiti, me ngā para; hei whakaora i ngā toenga wai me ngā hua i whakapūmauhia mai i te hydrometallurgy; hei tango i te waituhi o te pepa hangarua me te whakaora muka mai i te wai para penupenu i roto i te umanga matū; ā, hei tango hinu mata taumaha mai i ngā onepū awa, hei wehe i ngā poke totoka iti, ngā colloids, ngā huakita, me ngā poke konganuku iti mai i te para wai, he whakamahinga noa ēnei i roto i te hangarau taiao.
I te whakapainga o ngā tukanga me ngā tikanga whakapūmau, me te putanga mai o ngā matū me ngā taputapu whakapūmau hou, whai hua hoki, ka kitea te whakamahinga whānui o te whakapūmau i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā mara maha atu. He mea nui kia mōhio ko te whakamahinga o ngā tukanga whakapūmau he nui ake ngā utu tukatuka nā ngā matū (ki te whakataurite ki te wehenga aukume me te kaha ā-papa); ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mō te rahi o te matūriki whāngai; he maha ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i te tukanga whakapūmau, e hiahia ana ki te tika o te hangarau teitei; me te wai para kei roto ngā matū toenga ka kino ki te taiao.
Wā tuku: 26 o Ākuhata-2025