1. Te horoi ahumahi
E ai ki te ingoa, e pā ana tēnei ki te tukanga i roto i te ahumahi mō te tango i ngā poke (paru) i hangaia i runga i te mata o ngā papa nā ngā pānga ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-koiora me ētahi atu, kia whakahokia ai te mata ki tōna āhua taketake. E toru ngā āhuatanga matua e pāngia ana e te horoi ahumahi: te hangarau horoi, ngā taputapu horoi me ngā kaihoko horoi. Ko ngā hangarau horoi ko: (1) Te horoi matū, tae atu ki te pīkara noa, te horoi kawakawa, te horoi whakarewa, me ētahi atu. Ko tēnei momo horoi e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu horoi me ngā kaihoko horoi. I roto i te horoi ahumahi tikanga, he iti te utu o tēnei momo horoi, he tere, he watea hoki, ā, kua roa e noho ana i te tūranga matua; (2) Te horoi ā-tinana, tae atu ki te horoi wai pēhanga teitei, te horoi hau, te horoi ultrasonic, te horoi hiko, te horoi pupuhi pupuhi, te horoi onepu, te horoi hukapapa maroke, te horoi waru miihini, me ētahi atu. Ko tēnei momo horoi e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu horoi, me te wai ma, ngā matūriki totoka, me ētahi atu hei horoi. He pai te horoi, engari he nui te utu o ngā taputapu, ā, kāore i te iti te utu whakamahi; (3) Ka whakamahia e te horoi koiora te pānga whakateretere i hangaia e ngā moroiti hei horoi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i te horoi kakahu me te paipa. Heoi, nā runga i ōna whakaritenga motuhake mō te mahi whakateretere o ngā whākōkī koiora, he whāiti noa iho tōna mara tono. He maha ngā tikanga whakarōpū mō ngā kaihoko horoi ahumahi, ā, ko ngā mea noa ko ngā kaihoko horoi wai, ngā kaihoko horoi haurua-wai me ngā kaihoko horoi whakarewa. I te whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga taiao, kei te whakakapia haeretia ngā kaihoko horoi whakarewa, ā, ka nui ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā kaihoko horoi wai. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaihoko horoi wai ki ngā kaihoko horoi kawakore, ngā kaihoko horoi waikawa me ngā kaihoko horoi kūpapa i runga i ngā uara pH rerekē. Kei te whanake haere ngā kaihoko horoi ki te tiaki taiao matomato, te whai huatanga teitei, te penapena pūngao me te ōhanga, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei mō rātou: ka whakakapia e ngā kaihoko horoi wai te horoi whakarewa tuku iho; kāore he whākawa i roto i ngā kaihoko horoi, he iti te hauota ki te kore hauota, ā, kāore he konganuku taumaha me ngā matū kino ki te taiao; me whanake hoki ngā kaihoko horoi ki te kukū (te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe), te mahi me te motuhake; he watea ake ngā tikanga whakamahi o ngā kaihoko horoi, he pai ake i te pāmahana rūma; He iti te utu hanga o ngā kaihoko horoi hei whakaiti i te utu whakamahi mō ngā kaihoko.
2. Ngā Mātāpono o te Hoahoa Hanganga mō ngā Ākena Horoi Wai
I mua i te hoahoa i tētahi tauira horoi, ka whakarōpūtia e mātou ngā poke. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā poke noa i runga i ngā tikanga horoi.
(1) Ngā poke ka memeha i roto i ngā otinga waikawa, kawakore, whākōkī rānei: He ngāwari te tango i ēnei poke. Mō ēnei poke, ka taea e tātou te whiriwhiri i ngā waikawa, kawakore, ngā
ngā whākōkī, ka whakarite i a rātou hei otinga, ka tango tika i ngā poke.
(2) Ngā poke wairewa-wai: Ka taea te whakarewa me te tango i ēnei poke, pērā i ngā tote wairewa, ngā huka, me ngā māngaro, mai i te mata o te papa mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te rumaki wai, te maimoatanga ultrasonic, me te rehu.
(3) Ngā poke wai-marara: Ka taea te whakamakuku, te marara, me te whakairi i ngā poke pēnei i te sima, te gypsum, te raima, me te puehu ki roto i te wai hei tango mā te awhina o te kaha miihini o ngā taputapu horoi, ngā mea whakamarara wai-wai, ngā mea uru, me ētahi atu.
(4) Paru kore-wai: Me whakaemulsified, me whakapūhui, me whakamarara hoki ngā poke pēnei i ngā hinu me ngā ware pi i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake me te āwhina o ngā kaha o waho, ngā tāpiringa, me ngā whakaemulsifier kia wehea ai rātou mai i te mata o te papa, kia puta ai he marara, kia tangohia atu ai i te mata o te papa. Heoi, ko te nuinga o te paru kāore i te noho i roto i te āhua kotahi engari ka whakaranua ngātahi, ka piri ki te mata, ki roto rānei i te papa. I ētahi wā, i raro i ngā awe o waho, ka pūhā, ka pirau, ka pokepokea rānei, ka hanga he poke uaua ake. Ahakoa he poke tauhohe i hangaia mā te hononga matū, he poke piri rānei i hangaia mā te hononga ā-tinana, me horoi pai i a rātou mā roto i ngā taahiraa matua e whā: te whakarewatanga, te whakamakuku, te whakaemulsification me te marara, me te chelation.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-12-2026