Ko te hopi horoi makawe he hua e whakamahia ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā o te tangata hei tango i te paru mai i te kiriuhi me te makawe, hei pupuri hoki i te kiriuhi me te makawe kia ma. Ko ngā kai matua o te hopi horoi makawe ko ngā surfactants (e kiia nei ko ngā surfactants), ngā whakamātotoru, ngā whakangawari makawe, ngā mea tiaki makawe, me ētahi atu. Ko te kai tino nui ko ngā surfactants. Ko ngā mahi a ngā surfactants ehara i te mea ko te horoi, te whakahuka, te whakahaere i te whanonga rheological, me te ngawari o te kiri anake, engari he mahi nui anō hoki ki te flocculation cationic. Nā te mea ka taea te whakatakoto i te polymer cationic ki runga i te makawe, he hononga tata te tukanga ki te mahi mata, ā, ka āwhina hoki te mahi mata ki te whakatakoto i ētahi atu wāhanga whai hua (pēnei i te silicone emulsion, ngā mea ārai-dandruff). Mā te whakarerekē i te pūnaha surfactant, te whakarerekē rānei i ngā taumata electrolyte ka puta he tauhohenga mekameka o ngā pānga polymer whakangawari makawe i roto i te hopi horoi makawe.
1. Ngā mahi tēpu SLES
He pai te pānga whakamakuku o te SLS, ka taea te whakaputa pahuka momona, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he pahuka tere. Heoi, he kaha te taunekeneke ki ngā pūmua, ā, he tino whakapataritari ki te kiri, nō reira kāore i te tino whakamahia hei mahi matua mō te mata. Ko te matū matua o ngā hopi horoi makawe ko te SLES. Ko te pānga mimiti o te SLES ki te kiri me te makawe he iti iho i te SLS e rite ana. Ko ngā hua SLES he nui ake te taumata o te ethoxylation, kāore he pānga mimiti. Hei tāpiri, he pai te pumau o te pahuka o te SLES, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te wai mārō. He nui ake te manawanui o te kiri, inā koa te kiriuhi mucous, ki te SLES i te SLS. Ko te Sodium laureth sulfate me te ammonium laureth sulfate ngā mea e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te SLES i te mākete. I kitea i roto i ngā rangahau a Long Zhike mā, he nui ake te matotoru o te pahuka o te laureth sulfate amine, he pai te pumau o te pahuka, he ngawari te rahinga o te pahuka, he pai te horoi, ā, he ngawari ake te makawe i muri i te horoinga, engari ka wehea te hau haukini i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, nō reira, he whānui ake te whakamahinga o te konutai laureth sulfate, e hiahia ana ki te whānuitanga pH whānui, engari he nui ake te whakapataritari i ngā tote ammonia. Ko te maha o ngā waeine SLES ethoxy kei waenganui i te 1 me te 5 waeine. Mā te tāpiri i ngā rōpū ethoxy ka whakaiti i te kukū micelle matua (CMC) o ngā surfactants sulfate. Ko te hekenga nui rawa atu o te CMC ka puta i muri i te tāpiri i te kotahi rōpū ethoxy anake, i muri i te tāpiri i te 2 ki te 4 rōpū ethoxy, ka iti ake te hekenga. I te pikinga ake o ngā waeine ethoxy, ka pai ake te hototahitanga o te AES ki te kiri, ā, tata kore e kitea te riri o te kiri i roto i te SLES kei roto tata ki te 10 waeine ethoxy. Heoi, mā te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū ethoxy ka whakanui ake i te wairewa o te surfactant, e aukati ana i te hanganga matotoru, nō reira me kimi he taurite. He maha ngā hopi horoi makawe arumoni e whakamahi ana i ngā SLES kei roto i te toharite o te 1 ki te 3 ngā waeine ethoxy.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he iti te utu o te SLES i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga hopi horoi makawe. Ehara i te mea he nui te pahuka, he kaha te ātete ki te wai mārō, he ngāwari ki te whakamātotoru, ā, he tere te mimiti cationic, nō reira koia tonu te surfactant matua i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe o nāianei.
2. Ngā matū horoi waikawa amino
I ngā tau tata nei, nā te mea kei roto i te SLES te dioxane, kua tahuri ngā kaihoko ki ngā pūnaha surfactant ngawari ake, pērā i ngā pūnaha surfactant waikawa amino, ngā pūnaha surfactant alkyl glycoside, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā matū whakawera waikawa amino te nuinga o te wā ka wehea ki te acyl glutamate, te N-acyl sarcosinate, te N-methylacyl taurate, me ētahi atu.
2.1 Acyl glutamate
Ka wehea ngā Acyl glutamate ki ngā tote monosodium me ngā tote disodium. He waikawa te wairewa o ngā tote monosodium, ā, he kawakore te wairewa o ngā tote disodium. He pai te kaha o te pūnaha surfactant acyl glutamate ki te pahuka, ki te whakamakuku me te horoi, me te ātete ki te wai mārō, he pai ake, he rite rānei ki te SLES. He tino haumaru, kāore e puta he riri kiri tere me te pāwera, ā, he iti te paitini whakaahua. , he ngawari te riri kotahi ki te mucosa kanohi, ā, he tata te riri ki te kiri whara (wairewa papatipu 5%) ki te wai. Ko te acyl glutamate tino kitea ko te disodium cocoyl glutamate. . He mea hanga te Disodium cocoyl glutamate mai i te waikawa kokonati tūturu tino haumaru me te waikawa glutamic i muri i te acyl chloride. I kitea e Li Qiang me ētahi atu i roto i te "Rangahau mō te Whakamahinga o te Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate i roto i ngā Shampoo Kore-Silicone" mā te tāpiri i te disodium cocoyl glutamate ki te pūnaha SLES ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha pahuka o te pūnaha me te whakaiti i ngā tohu rite ki te SLES. Te riri o te shampoo. I te wā i 10 ngā wā, 20 ngā wā, 30 ngā wā, me te 50 ngā wā o te tauwehenga waimeha, kāore te disodium cocoyl glutamate i pā ki te tere me te kaha o te rere o te pūnaha. Ina 70, 100 rānei ngā wā o te tauwehenga waimeha, he pai ake te pānga rere o te waimeha, engari he uaua ake te whakamātotoru. Ko te take he rua ngā rōpū carboxyl i roto i te ngota ngota disodium cocoyl glutamate, ā, ka āraia te rōpū pane hydrophilic i te atanga. Ko te nui ake o te horahanga ka hua ake he iti ake te tawhā tākai matua, ā, ka ngāwari te whakakotahi i te surfactant ki te āhua porowhita, ka uaua ki te hanga i ngā micelles rite ki te kutukutu, ka uaua ki te whakamātotoru.
2.2 N-acyl sarcosinate
He pānga whakamakuku te N-acyl sarcosinate i te awhe kūpapa ki te waikawa ngoikore, he kaha te pupuhi me te pumau, ā, he tino manawanui ki te wai mārō me ngā electrolytes. Ko te mea tino tohu ko te sodium lauroyl sarcosinate. He tino pai te pānga horoi o te sodium lauroyl sarcosinate. He surfactant anionic momo waikawa amino i hangaia mai i ngā puna taiao o te waikawa lauric me te sodium sarcosinate mā te tauhohenga e whā-taahiraa o te phthalization, te condensation, te acidification me te hanganga tote. Ko te mahi a te sodium lauroyl sarcosinate e pā ana ki te mahi pupuhi, te rahinga pahuka me te mahi tango huka he tata ki te sodium laureth sulfate. Heoi, i roto i te pūnaha hopi kei roto te polymer cationic kotahi, kei reira ngā ānau flocculation o te rua. He rerekētanga mārama. I te wāhanga pupuhi me te mirimiri, he iti ake te paheke o te hopi pūnaha waikawa amino i te pūnaha sulfate; I te wāhanga horoi, ehara i te mea ko te pahekeheke o te horoi anake he iti iho, engari ko te tere horoi o te hopi waikawa amino he iti iho i te hopi sulfate. I kitea e Wang Kuan me ētahi atu ko te pūnaha matū o te sodium lauroyl sarcosinate me te nonionic, anionic me te zwitterionic surfactants. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā pēnei i te horopeta me te ōwehenga o te surfactant, i kitea mō ngā pūnaha matū rua, he iti noa iho ngā alkyl glycosides ka taea te whakatutuki i te matotoru tahi; i roto i ngā pūnaha matū toru, he nui te pānga o te ōwehenga ki te matotoru o te pūnaha, i roto i ēnei ko te whakakotahitanga o te sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, te cocamidopropyl betaine me te alkyl glycosides ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā pānga matotoru-ake. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha surfactant waikawa amino te ako mai i tēnei momo kaupapa matotoru.
2.3 N-Methylacyltaurine
He rite ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te N-methylacyl taurate ki ērā o te konutai alkyl sulfate me te roa mekameka ōrite. He pai hoki ōna āhuatanga pahuka, ā, kāore e pāngia ngāwari e te pH me te pakeke o te wai. He pai ōna āhuatanga pahuka i roto i te awhe waikawa ngoikore, ahakoa i roto i te wai pakeke, nō reira he whānui ake ngā whakamahinga i ngā alkyl sulfates, ā, he iti ake te whakapataritari ki te kiri i te N-sodium lauroyl glutamate me te konutai lauryl phosphate. He tata, he iti iho i te SLES, he iti te whakapataritari, he ngawari te surfactant. Ko te mea tino tohu ko te konutai methyl cocoyl taurate. Ka hangaia te konutai methyl cocoyl taurate mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā waikawa ngako i ahu mai i te taiao me te konutai methyl taurate. He surfactant waikawa amino whānui me te pahuka momona me te pumau pahuka pai. Kāore i te nuinga o te wā ka pāngia e te pH me te wai. Pānga pakeke. He pānga matotoru tahi te konutai methyl cocoyl taurate me ngā surfactants amphoteric, inā koa ko ngā surfactants amphoteric momo betaine. Zheng Xiaomei et al. i roto i te "Rangahau mō te Mahi Whakamahinga o ngā Kaihoroi Waikawa Amino e Whā i roto i ngā Horoi Huruhuru" i arotahi ki te konutai cocoyl glutamate, te konutai cocoyl alanate, te konutai lauroyl sarcosinate, me te konutai lauroyl aspartate. I whakahaerehia he rangahau whakatairite mō te mahi whakamahinga i roto i te hopi horoi. Mā te whakamahi i te konutai laureth sulfate (SLES) hei tohutoro, i matapakihia te mahi pahuka, te kaha horoi, te mahi whakamātotoru me te mahi flocculation. I roto i ngā whakamātautau, i whakatauhia he pai ake te mahi pahuka o te konutai cocoyl alanine me te konutai lauroyl sarcosinate i tērā o te SLES; he iti noa te rerekētanga o te kaha horoi o ngā kaihoroi waikawa amino e whā, ā, he pai ake katoa i te SLES; he iti ake te Mahi Whakamātotoru i te SLES. Mā te tāpiri i tētahi whakamātotoru hei whakatika i te matotoru o te pūnaha, ka taea te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te pūnaha konutai cocoyl alanine ki te 1500 Pa·s, ko te matotoru o ētahi atu pūnaha waikawa amino e toru kei raro tonu i te 1000 Pa·s. He ngawari ake ngā ānau whakapūpū o ngā matū horoi waikawa amino e whā i ērā o te SLES, e tohu ana ka puhoi ake te horoi o te hopi waikawa amino, engari ka tere ake te horoi o te pūnaha sulfate. Hei whakarāpopototanga, i te wā e whakamātotoru ana i te tauira hopi waikawa amino, ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki te tāpiri i ngā matū horoi kore-ionic hei whakanui ake i te kukū micelle hei whakamātotoru. Ka taea hoki e koe te tāpiri i ngā matū whakamātotoru polymer pērā i te PEG-120 methylglucose dioleate. Hei tāpiri, he uaua tonu te whakakotahi i ngā whakangawari cationic tika hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari ki te whakakotahi i roto i tēnei momo whakatakotoranga.
3. Ngā kaiwhakaora glycoside alkyl kore-ionic
Haunga ngā matū horoi waikawa amino, kua aro nui te marea ki ngā matū horoi alkyl glycoside kore-ionic (APG) i ngā tau tata nei nā te iti o te riri, te pai ki te taiao, me te pai o te hototahi ki te kiri. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā matū horoi pēnei i te fatty alcohol polyether sulfates (SLES), ka whakaitihia e ngā APG kore-ionic te aukati hiko o ngā rōpū anionic o te SLES, ā, ka hangaia he micelles nui me te hanganga rite ki te tokotoko. He iti ake te tūponotanga o aua micelles ki te uru ki roto i te kiri. Ka whakaitihia tēnei i te taunekeneke ki ngā pūmua kiri me te riri e puta mai ana. I kitea e Fu Yanling me ētahi atu ko te SLES i whakamahia hei matū horoi anionic, ko te cocamidopropyl betaine me te sodium lauroamphoacetate i whakamahia hei matū horoi zwitterionic, ā, ko te decyl glucoside me te cocoyl glucoside i whakamahia hei matū horoi nonionic. I muri i te whakamātautau, ko ngā matū horoi anionic te mea pai rawa atu mō te pupuhi, ā, ko ngā matū horoi zwitterionic te mea kino rawa atu mō te pupuhi o ngā APG; Ko ngā hopi horoi makawe me ngā matū horoi anionic hei matū matua e kaha ana ki te mata, he mārama te pupuhi o te kiri, ko ngā matū horoi zwitterionic me ngā APG te mea kino rawa atu te āhua o te pupuhi. Kāore he pupuhi i puta; mō te horoi me te heru makawe mākū, ko te raupapa mai i te pai ki te kino ko: APG > anions > zwitterionics, i roto i te makawe maroke, he ōrite ngā āhuatanga heru o ngā hopi horoi makawe me ngā anions me ngā zwitterions hei matū horoi matua. , ko te hopi horoi makawe me ngā APG hei matū horoi matua te mea kino rawa atu te āhua o te heru; e whakaatu ana te whakamātautau kiriuhi chorioallantoic kukune heihei ko te hopi horoi makawe me ngā APG hei matū horoi matua te mea ngawari rawa atu, ko te hopi horoi makawe me ngā anions me ngā zwitterions hei matū horoi matua te mea ngawari rawa atu. tino. He iti te CMC o ngā APG, ā, he tino whai hua te hopi horoi mō te kiri me ngā lipid sebum. Nō reira, ko ngā APG te matū horoi matua, ā, ka meinga te makawe kia maroke, kia maroke. Ahakoa he ngawari ki te kiri, ka taea hoki e rātou te tango lipid me te whakanui ake i te maroke o te kiri. Nō reira, ina whakamahia ngā APG hei matū horoi matua, me whakaaro koe ki te nui o tā rātou tango i ngā ngako kiri. Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā whakamakuku tika ki te tauira hei ārai i te kiri kiri. Mō te maroke, e whakaaro ana te kaituhi ka taea te whakamahi hei hopi whakahaere hinu, hei tohutoro noa iho.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te anga matua o nāianei o te mahi mata i roto i ngā tauira hopi makawe kei te whakahaerehia tonutia e te mahi mata anionic, e wehea ana kia rua ngā pūnaha matua. Tuatahi, ka honoa te SLES ki ngā surfactants zwitterionic, ki ngā surfactants kore-ionic rānei hei whakaiti i tōna riri. He nui te pahuka o tēnei pūnaha tauira, he ngāwari ki te whakamātotoru, ā, he tere te rere o ngā hinu whakangawari cationic me te silicone, ā, he iti te utu, nō reira koia tonu te pūnaha surfactant matua i te mākete. Tuarua, ka honoa ngā tote waikawa amino anionic ki ngā surfactants zwitterionic hei whakanui ake i te mahi pahuka, he wāhi wera tēnei i roto i te whanaketanga mākete. He ngawari tēnei momo hua tauira, ā, he nui te pahuka. Heoi, nā te mea ka rere te tauira pūnaha tote waikawa amino, ka rere mārire, ka maroke te makawe o tēnei momo hua. . Kua noho ngā APG kore-ionic hei huarahi hou i roto i te whanaketanga hopi makawe nā te mea he pai te hototahi ki te kiri. Ko te uaua ki te whakawhanake i tēnei momo tauira ko te kimi i ngā surfactants whai hua ake hei whakanui ake i tōna momonatanga pahuka, me te tāpiri i ngā whakamakuku tika hei whakaiti i te pānga o ngā APG ki te tumuaki. Ngā āhuatanga maroke.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-21-2023