Ko te mahi a ngā matū horoi wai he āhuatanga taketake e tino whai hua ai ngā matū horoi wai. E whai wāhi ana ki te oranga o ia rā o ngā mano tini o ngā whare. Heoi anō, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā momo whakaputanga ahumahi katoa.
Ko ngā matū horoi horoi ngā matū matua o ngā hopi horoi; ki te kore he matū horoi horoi, kāore he hopi horoi hangai. I roto i ngā momo SAA katoa, ko ngā matū horoi horoi anionic te momo matū horoi tuatahi me te nuinga o te whakamahinga, ā, neke atu i te 50% te tono o nāianei. Ka noho tonu ngā matū horoi anionic ki tētahi tūranga matua mō tētahi wā kei te heke mai.
1 Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā momo surfactants anionic e whakamahia ana hei hopi horoi ko ngā tote waikawa ngako (ngā hopi), ngā alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), ngā sulfates waipiro ngako (AS), ngā sulfates waipiro ngako polyoxyethylene (AES),αngā whanariki olefin (AOS), ngā polyoxyethylene carboxylates waipiro ngako (AEC), me ngā sulfonates methyl ester waikawa ngako (MES), me ētahi atu.
1.1 Hōpi
He utu kino kei te wāhanga hohe-mata o ngā ngota hopi, ā, kei roto i tēnei ko te mekameka waro roa o te waikawa ngako konutai me te pāhare pākawa, tata ki te 25%. Ko ngā painga o tēnei hopi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te nui o ngā rauemi mata, te watea o te whakarite, me te utu iti. I roto i te ahumahi, he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā mai i ngā ngako pēnei i te mīti kau me te mīti hipi mā te whakapūhui ki te kawakore kaha, ā, muri iho ka tāpirihia he tote me te wehenga o te glycerol. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga nui ko te wā e tūtaki ai ki ngā iona konganuku takirua me ngā iona konganuku takirua pēnei i te Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, me ētahi atu, i roto i te wairewa, ka hanga he hopi konupūmā, he hopi konupora rānei, he tino iti te wairewa, ā, ka ngaro ngā āhuatanga horoi tika o te hopi.
1.2Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS)
He mea tino nui te konutai alkylbenzenesulfonate (R-C6H6-SO3Na) hei matū horoi anionic. He pai te wairewatanga ki te wai, ā, tata tonu te ionized. He tino teitei te wairewatanga o ōna tote konupūmā me te konupora ki te wai, nō reira he pai te ātete ki te wai mārō. I roto i ngā alkylbenzenesulfonate, he iti te utu o te linear alkylbenzene (LAS), he kaha te horoi, he ngāwari te pirau, ā, he pai ki te taiao. Nō reira, tae noa ki tēnei wā, kāore anō kia taea e tētahi atu matū horoi e whakamahia ana hei hopi horoi te rite ki te LAS i runga i te mahi hangarau me ngā painga ōhanga. E whakanuia ana e te umanga hopi horoi hangai o te ao hei kaha matua o ngā hopi horoi hangai. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei hopi horoi ahumahi me te whare. Ngā hua tohu: He tino pai te pānga horoi o te konutai dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ā, ko te konutai octadecylbenzenesulfonate te mea tino kaha te horoi i roto i te raupapa konutai alkylbenzenesulfonate.
1.3α-Olefin Sulfonate (AOS)
He matū hopi horoi tino pai te AOS. E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi ringa, ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā kaukau mirumiru, ngā hopi horoi rihi, ngā hopi horoi ahumahi, me ngā hopi horoi kakahu.
1.4Metil Ester Sulfonate (MES)
He rōpū alkyl a R, ā, he rōpū methyl a R'. He pai ake te horoi ina ko C16 me C18 a R, ā, ko te ātete wai mārō te mea pai rawa atu ina ko C14 a R. He matū horoi kakahu te MES i hangaia mai i ngā hinu me ngā ngako tūturu, he pai te mahi horoi me te kaha hopi-konupūmā kaha. He tino hototahi ki te zeolite, ā, he pai mō te hanga hopi horoi kākahu kore-phosphate. He nui ake te kaha hopi hopi konupūmā i tō te LAS, nō reira he pai mō te hanga me te tono hopi whakakotahi me te hopi horoi kākahu e hangai ana ki te hopi horoi kākahu.
1.5Te Ngako Waipiro Ngako (AS) me te Ngako Waipiro Ngako Etera (AES)
Ko te tātai whānui o AS ko ROSO3Na, ko R ko C14~C16, ā, he pai tōna kaha horoi; ko AES ko RO(C2H4O)nSO3Na, ko R ko C14~C15 me n=1—2, ā, he pai anō hoki tōna kaha horoi. He pai te pirau o te AS me te AES, he kaha te horoi, ā, he pai hoki ōna āhuatanga pahuka. He pai ēnei mō te hanga hopi horoi pahuka nui. He pai mō ngā hopi horoi ngāwari te tiaki, mō ngā hopi horoi huruhuru rānei, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā kaukau mirumiru, ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā mea whakapaipai, ngā hopi horoi rihi ringa, ngā hopi horoi huawhenua, ngā hopi horoi whare, me ētahi atu.
He pai te horoi o ngā matū horoi kore-ionic ki ngā paru hinuhinu, ā, he kaha hoki ki te ārai i te poke anō o ngā muka hangai. He kaha te ātete ki te wai mārō, ā, he nui hoki ngā electrolytes. Ko te painga nui o ngā matū horoi kore-ionic polyoxyethylene ko te āheinga ki te whakarerekē i ngā wāhanga hydrophobic me hydrophilic. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te maha o ngā EO kia urutau ki ngā momo papa, kia tutuki ai te horoi pai rawa atu.
2.1Waipiro alkyl polyoxyethylene ether
Tātai whānui: RO(C₂H₄O)ₙH, ko R = C₁₂~C₁₈, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te n. He nui te kaha horoi o tēnei momo matū, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: he iti te kukū micelle whakahirahira (cmc), ko te tikanga he nui tonu te kaha horoi i ngā kukū iti, he kaha te horoi, me ngā āhuatanga ārai-paru i te horoinga o ngā muka hangai. Hei tāpiri, he pai te horoi i te pāmahana iti. He mā ki te kōwhai marama i te pāmahana rūma. Ina rewa ki te wai, he āhuatanga whakaemulsifying, horoi, me te mākū. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā hopi horoi whare me ngā ahumahi me ngā kaihoko horoi whakarewa.
2.2Polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether
I roto i te tātai, ko te R te nuinga o ngā rōpū octyl, nonyl, me te dodecyl; ka taea te whakarerekē i te n. He kaha te āhuatanga o ēnei mea ki te tango i ngā paru hinu me ngā ngako. Ko ngā hua matua ko te raupapa OP, te raupapa OPE, me te raupapa SOPE. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga matua he kaha te ātete ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me te wai mārō, ā, he hopi horoi, he kaiwhakamākū, he kaiwhakaranu mō te tukatuka konganuku, me ngā kaihoko horoi ahumahi.
2.3Te Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG)
E whakanuia ana te alkyl glycoside hei momo hou o te surfactant kore-ionic o te ao.
Ngā Painga o te APG: 1. He nui te mahi o te mata, ā, he iti rawa te taumahatanga o te mata; 2. Kāore he kapua, ā, he pumau i te pāmahana teitei; 3. He tino pai te horoi, he kaha te pahuka, he āhuatanga whakamakuku me te whakapūkara, ā, he pumau te horapa; 4. He pai ake i tētahi momo surfactant o nāianei i runga i te kore paitini, te iti o te riri o te kiri, me te pirau koiora. (Ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga tino pai).
Nō reira, he tino pai ki te tini o ngā mara pēnei i te ahumahi horoi kakahu, te ahumahi whakapaipai, te ahumahi tukatuka kai, me te ahumahi rongoā. Heoi anō, nā te mea he ngāwari ki te horoi me te kore e waiho he paru, he tino pai mō te whakamahi hei hopi horoi rihi, hei horoi pounamu, me ētahi atu.
E whakamahia ana te APG hei hopi horoi i roto i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Ngā hopi horoi kaukau me te makawe: He ngawari ngā hua i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te APG, ā, kāore e whakapataritari i te kiri, he nui, he pai hoki te pahuka. Ka taea hoki e rātou te mahi ārai-patunga ina whakamahia mō te hopi horoi. Ko te nuinga o ēnei hua he wai, engari ka taea hoki te hanga hei paera hopi. Ngā hopi horoi rihi: He pai ngā āhuatanga pahuka o ngā hopi horoi rihi i hangaia mai i te APG, he ngawari ki te kiri, he pai te pa ki te ringa i muri i te whakamahinga, he ngawari ki te horoi, ā, kāore he tohu e toe ana.
Hopi horoi kakahu: Ka whakamahia te APG i roto i ngā hopi horoi kakahu, ā, he tino pai te hopi horoi. Ka taea te whakamahi hei horoi i ngā momo papanga (pēnei i te miro, te huruhuru hipi, te polyester, me ētahi atu). Ka taea e ia te tango pai i te paru me ngā paru hinu. I taua wā anō, he āhuatanga whakangawari, he āhuatanga ārai-patū, me ngā āhuatanga ārai-mimiti. Ā, ka taea te hanga hei hopi horoi kakahu he tino pai tonu te hopi ina whakamahia ki te wai mārō.
Te horoi i ngā mata mārō: Haunga te whakamahinga mō te horoi rihi, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te APG mō te horoi i ētahi atu momo mata mārō. Ka taea te hanga i ngā hopi horoi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa kaha mā te whakamahi i te APG hei wāhanga hohe. Kei roto hoki i te APG te mahi ki te ārai i te waikura me te pirau o ngā konganuku ferrous i ngā waikawa.
Kei roto i tōna hanganga ngota ngā utu pai me ngā utu kino. Nā te āhua motuhake o tōna hanganga ngota, ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whakamahia ana: he iti te paitini, he iti hoki te riri ki te kiri me ngā kanohi; he pai te pirau me te hototahi; he pai te whakamakuku, te horoi, me ngā āhuatanga pahuka. Ko ēnei momo e whai ake nei ina whakamahia hei hopi horoi.
3.1Momo waikawa amino N-acyl
Ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana hei rauemi turanga mō ngā hopi horoi me ngā kaihoroi. Ka taea e rātou te ātete ki ngā waikawa ngoikore me te wai mārō. He iti te riri me te paitini, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai. He kaha tōna kaha ki te horapa i te hopi konupūmā, ki te horoi, me te kaha ki te whakaemulsifier. I roto i te umanga kakahu, ka whakamahia hei hopi horoi me te whakaemulsifier, ā, he pai mō te horoi i te hiraka me te huruhuru hipi nā te mea he ngoikore tōna kaha ki te tango hinu.
3.2Momo Betaine
He pai te horoi o ngā matū horoi zwitterionic momo Betaine ki ngā kakahu miro me ngā kakahu polyester/miro kua whakaranua, inā koa ko te hydroxyl sulfobetaine, he nui ake ngā painga i roto i te tukanga horoi. Hei tauira: ko te dodecyl dimethyl betaine he wai mārama, he wai kore tae, he wai kōwhai mārama rānei. He cationic i roto i te wai waikawa, he anionic i roto i te wai kawakore. He ngāwari te pirau. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga pahuka o tēnei hua, ka taea te whakangawari i te makawe, ā, he pai mō te hanga shampoo kore-whakariri me ngā pānga whakangawari ki te makawe, shampoo pēpi, me ētahi atu. Nā te pai o tōna ātete ki te wai mārō, ka whakamahia hei hanga hopi horoi wai mārō. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei patu harore.
Wā tuku: Maehe-17-2026