I roto i te ao matū, ko ētahi matū waro, nā ō rātou āhuatanga kāore e wairewa, he wairewa paku rānei i roto i te wai, he maha ngā raruraru ki ngā mahi ā-tinana. Heoi, ina noho tahi ēnei matū waro me ngā matū horoi, ka tino piki ake tō rātou wairewa, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te wairewatanga. Ko ngā matū horoi te hunga e mahi ana hei matū wairewa i roto i tēnei tukanga, ko ngā matū waro e wairewatia ana ka kiia he matū wairewa. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te tikanga o te wairewatanga me ōna āhuatanga awe.
He hononga tata te putanga mai o te wairewatanga ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā matū horoi. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau, ina iti iho te kukū o ngā matū horoi i te kukū micelle matua (CMC), kāore te wairewatanga o ngā matū waro e tino rerekē; heoi, ina nui ake te kukū o te CMC, ka piki tere te wairewatanga. Nā te mea i tēnei kukū, ka tīmata ngā matū horoi ki te hanga micelles, ā, he hononga tata te wairewatanga ki te hanganga o ngā micelles.
I runga i te tūranga o te matū kua wairewahia i roto i te micelle, e whā ngā huarahi matua mō te wairewatanga:
①Te whakarewa i roto i te micelle: He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā matū warowaihā kore-polar ngāwari, pērā i te benzene, te ethylbenzene, me te n-heptane. He ngāwari te whakarewa i roto i te micelle nā te mea ka taea te kī ko te roto o te micelle he matū warowaihā parakore, he rite ngā āhuatanga ki ēnei matū.
②Te whakarewatanga i roto i te paparanga micelle palisade: Mō ngā matū rauropi porotaka pēnei i ngā waipiro mekameka roa me ngā waikawa, ka tohatohahia ēnei ki ngā ngota surfactant i runga i te taurite me te whakarara. Ka taunekeneke ngā wāhanga kore-porotaka ki ngā rōpū hydrophobic o ngā surfactants mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals, ko ngā wāhanga porotaka ia ka honoa ki ngā rōpū hydrophilic o ngā surfactants mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals me ngā hononga hauwai.
③Te wairewatanga ki te mata o ngā micelle: Ka mimitihia ngā matū macromolecular, ngā tae, me ētahi atu, ki te mata o ngā micelle, ka whakapūmautia mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals i waenga i ngā ngota ngota, mā roto rānei i ngā hononga hauwai, ka piki ake te wairewatanga ki te wai. Heoi, he iti noa te nui o te wairewatanga mā tēnei tikanga.
④Te whakarewatanga i waenga i ngā mekameka polyoxyethylene: Mō ngā surfactants momo polyoxyethylene, nā te mekameka ngota roa o tō rātou wāhanga rōpū hydrophilic, he maha ngā wā ka noho pōkaikaha. Ka taea te takai i ngā matū rauropi ki roto, ka mau ki ngā mekameka polyoxyethylene hydrophilic. He nui te nui o te whakarewatanga o tēnei tikanga.
E whai ana ēnei tikanga whakarewa e whā i te mātāpono o te rite ka memeha te rite, ā, ko te raupapa o te nui o te whakarewatanga mai i te nui ki te iti ko: te whakarewatanga i waenga i ngā mekameka polyoxyethylene > te whakarewatanga i roto i te paparanga micelle palisade > te whakarewatanga i roto i te micelle > te whakarewatanga i runga i te mata o te micelle.
He mea tika kia mōhiotia ahakoa ka piki ake te wairewatanga o ngā matū waro i roto i te wai nā te wairewatanga, kāore ngā āhuatanga o te otinga e tino rerekē. Nā te mea ka taea e ngā ngota waro te hanga matūriki nui, ā, kāore e nui ake te pikinga o te maha o ngā matūriki i roto i te otinga. E whakaatu ana hoki tēnei i te pānga here me te hononga o ngā micelles ki te tini o ngā ngota waro.
2. Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakarewatanga
Kāore te wairewatanga e pā tata ana ki te aroaro o ngā micelles anake, engari e pāngia ana hoki e ngā āhuatanga ā-roto o te kaiwhakarewa me te matū wairewa. Hei tāpiri, ko tētahi āhuatanga ka pā ki te CMC o ngā surfactants ka pā hoki ki te wairewatanga.
Kaiwhakarewa (kaiwhakarewa)
Kukū: Ka nui ake te kukū o te surfactant, ka nui ake te maha o ngā micelles ka hangaia, ā, ka teitei ake te hononga o ngā micelles, ka taea ai e rātou te taunekeneke me ētahi atu mea whakarewa.
Hanganga ngota: Ko te roa o te mekameka hauwaiwaiwaiwai-aroha, ko te kaha ake o te pānga whakarewa; mō ngā matū horoi he rōpū wai-aroha kotahi, ko te roa ake o te mekameka hauwaiwaiwaiwai-aroha, ko te iti ake o tā rātou CMC me te kaha ake o te pānga whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, ko te pānga whakarewa o ngā matū horoi kore-ionic he kaha ake i te nuinga o te wā i ngā matū horoi ionic.
Whakarewahia
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui ake o te pōraruraru o te matū kua wairewahia, ko te nui ake o te kaha wairewa. Tērā pea nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā matū kua wairewahia pōraruraru ki te taunekeneke ki ngā rōpū hydrophilic i runga i te mata o ngā micelles mā roto i ngā here hauwai me ngā kaha van der Waals. I taua wā anō, ko ō rātou wāhanga kore-pōraruraru ka taunekeneke ki ngā rōpū hydrophobic o ngā surfactants.
Te pāmahana
Mō ngā matū horoi ionic, ka whakanuia ake te pānga whakarewa e te pikinga o te pāmahana. Nā te mea ka whakanuia te CMC e te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka taea ai e ngā matū horoi te rewa i roto i te otinga, ā, ka nui ake ngā micelles e hangaia ana.
Mō ngā matū whakakore ionic momo polyoxyethylene, ka piki ake te kaha whakarewa i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Heoi, ina tae te pāmahana ki te pūwāhi kapua, ina neke atu rānei i te pāmahana, ka ngoikore te pānga whakarewa.
Irahiko
Mā te tāpiri i ngā irahiko ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha whakarewa o ngā matū whakamahana ioni mō ngā warowaihā engari ka whakaiti i tō rātou kaha whakarewa mō ngā matū pōro. Nā te mea ka whakakorengia e ngā irahiko tētahi wāhanga o te utu hiko o ngā rōpū hydrophilic, ka kiato ake te whakaritenga o ngā rōpū hydrophilic ki te mata micelle, he mea kāore e pai mō te whakaurunga o ngā matū solubilizates pōro.
Mō ngā matū horoi kore-ionic, mā te tāpiri i ngā irahiko ka taea te whakarei ake i tō rātou kaha whakarewa. Nā te pānga tote-waho tēnei, e whakaiti ana i te aukati o te wai ki ngā ngota matū horoi, e whakanui ake ana i tō rātou nekehanga, ā, e māmā ake ai te hanga o ngā micelles.
He āhuatanga uaua te whakarewatanga e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga maha. Mā te mārama hōhonu ki ēnei āhuatanga me ā rātou tikanga taunekeneke, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi pai ake i te whakarewatanga hei whakapai ake i ngā tukanga matū me te mahi a te hua.
Wā tuku: Maehe-24-2026