Ko ngā pūnaha marara wai te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tātari i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga o te surfactant me te mararatanga. Hei matūriki totoka hydrophobic, ka taea e rātou te mimiti i ngā rōpū hydrophobic o ngā surfactants. Mō ngā surfactants anionic, ka panaia e ngā rōpū hydrophilic e anga ana ki waho tetahi ki tetahi nā te mea he ōrite ā rātou utu. E kitea ana ko te whai huatanga o te adsorption o ngā surfactants ka piki ake me te roa o te mekameka hydrophobic, nō reira ko ngā surfactants he roa ake ngā mekameka waro he pai ake te mararatanga i ērā he poto ake ngā mekameka.
Mā te whakanui ake i te pai o te wai o ngā matū horoi ka whakarei ake i tō rātou wairewatanga ki te wai, ā, ka whakaiti i tō rātou mimiti ki te mata o te matūriki. Ka kitea nuitia tēnei pānga ina ngoikore te kaha taunekeneke i waenga i te matū horoi me ngā matūriki. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakarite i ngā pūnaha marara tae wai, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi lignosulfonate tino sulfonated mō ngā tae tino hydrophobic hei hanga pūnaha marara me te pumau wera pai. Heoi, ko te whakamahi i te matū horoi kotahi ki ngā tae hydrophilic ka hua ake he ngoikore te pumau wera; he rerekē, ko te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi lignosulfonate me te iti o te sulfonation ka hua ake he pūnaha marara me te pumau wera pai. Ko te take mō tēnei he nui te wairewatanga o ngā matū horoi tino sulfonated i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka tere ai te wehe atu i te mata o ngā tae hydrophilic, kei reira te ngoikore o te taunekeneke taketake, ā, ka whakaiti i te mararatanga.
Mena he utu hiko kei ngā matūriki marara, ā, ka tīpakohia he matū horoi he utu rerekē, ka puta pea te flocculation i mua i te whakakorenga o ngā utu i runga i ngā matūriki. I muri i te mimitinga o te paparanga tuarua o te matū horoi ki runga i ngā matūriki kua whakakorea te utu ka taea te whakatutuki i te marara pumau. Mena ka tīpakohia he matū horoi he utu ōrite, ka uaua te mimitinga o te matū horoi ki runga i ngā matūriki; waihoki, ko te nui o te mimitinga hei whakau i te marara ka tutuki noa i ngā kukū tiketike. I roto i te mahi, ko ngā matū whakamarara ionic e whakamahia ana he maha ngā rōpū ionic kua tohatohahia.puta noa i te ngota surfactant katoa, ko ō rātou rōpū hydrophobic he mekameka hauwaiwai kore mākū me ngā rōpū polar pērā i ngā mowhiti kakara, ngā here etera rānei.
Mō ngā matū horoi kore-ionic polyoxyethylene, ka toro atu ngā mekameka polyoxyethylene tino makuku ki roto i te wāhanga wai i roto i te āhua piko, ka hanga he ārai steric whai hua ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki totoka. I taua wā, ka whakaitihia e ngā mekameka oxyethylene matotoru, maha-paparanga te kaha o ngā kaha van der Waals i waenga i ngā matūriki, ka waiho hei kaiwhakamarara pai rawa atu. He tino pai ngā copolymer poraka o te propylene oxide me te ethylene oxide hei whakamahi hei kaiwhakamarara. Ka whakarei ake ō rātou mekameka polyoxyethylene roa i te wairewatanga i roto i te wai, i te mea ka whakatairangahia e ō rātou rōpū polypropylene oxide hydrophobic te kaha ake o te mimiti ki runga i ngā matūriki totoka; nō reira, he tino pai ngā copolymer me ngā mekameka roa o ngā wāhanga e rua hei kaiwhakamarara.
Ina whakakotahihia ngā matū horoi ionic me te kore-ionic, ka taea e te pūnaha whakauru te toro atu o ngā ngota ki roto i te wāhanga wai, ka hanga he ārai steric e ārai ana i te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te kaha o te kiriata atanga i runga i ngā matūriki totoka. Nō reira, mō te pūnaha whakauru, mena kāore te wairewatanga nui ake o ngā matū horoi i roto i te wāhanga wai e aukati nui i tō rātou mimiti ki runga i te mata matūriki, ka whakaatuhia e te kaiwhakamarara me ngā mekameka hydrophobic roa ake te mahi whakamarara pai ake.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-31-2025