Ko ngā matū horoi ā-whakapūmau he matū horoi kei roto ngā rōpū wai-whakapūmau anionic me ngā rōpū wai-whakapūmau cationic i roto i te ngota kotahi. Ko tō rātou āhuatanga nui ko te taea e rātou te tuku me te tango i ngā porotana. Ko ēnei āhuatanga kei a rātou i te wā e whakamahia ana: Ko ngā matū horoi ā-whakapūmau he pai te mahi a ngā matū horoi ā-whakapūmau i roto i te horoi, te horapa, te whakaemulsifying, te whakahoromata, te whakangawari i ngā muka, me te ārai-pūmau, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei āwhina whakaoti kakahu, hei āwhina tae, hei kaiwhakarewa hopi konupūmā, hei matū horoi maroke, hei aukati waikura whakarewa, me ētahi atu. He tino ngawari, he maeneene, he āhuatanga ārai-pūmau hoki mō ngā kakahu; ētahi āhuatanga patu huakita me te aukati-pokepoke; ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga whakaemulsifying me te horapa. Heoi, he utu nui tēnei momo matū horoi, ā, he iti ake te whānuitanga o tana tono i ērā atu momo matū horoi. He matū horoi ngawari. Kāore i rite ki ngā matū horoi anionic, cationic rānei kotahi, he rōpū waikawa me te taketake kei ngā ngota horoi ā-whakapūmau amphoteric i tetahi pito o te ngota. Ko ngā rōpū waikawa he rōpū carboxyl, he waikawa sulfonic, he rōpū phosphate rānei, ko ngā rōpū taketake ia he rōpū amino, he rōpū ammonium quaternary rānei. Ka taea te whakaranu i ēnei ki ngā surfactants anionic me non-ionic, ā, he ātete ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā tote, me ngā tote konganuku whenua kawakore.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā matū whakaora amphoteric hangai e whakamahia whānuitia ana he maha ngā rōpū carboxylate hei wāhanga anionic, ko ētahi he rōpū sulfonate; ko ō rātou wāhanga cationic he tote amine, he tote ammonium quaternary rānei. Ko ngā mea he tote amine hei wāhanga cationic ka kiia he momo waikawa amino; ko ngā mea he tote ammonium quaternary hei wāhanga cationic ka kiia he momo betaine.
- Momo waikawa amino
He kawakore te wairewa o ngā matū horoi ā-whakapūkara waikawa amino. Ina tāpirihia mārire te waikawa hauwaiora me te whakaoho, kāore he huringa ina noho kūpapa te wairewa. Ka puta he matū ina paku waikawa te wairewa. Mēnā ka tāpirihia he waikawa hauwaiora kia kaha te waikawa o te wairewa, ka rewa anō te matū. E tohu ana tēnei he rite tana mahi ki te matū horoi anionic i roto i te taiao kawakore, ā, he matū horoi cationic hoki i roto i te taiao waikawa. Heoi, ina taurite tika ngā āhuatanga cationic me te anionic i te pūwāhi isoelectric, ka heke te hydrophilicity, ka hua ake he matū horoi. He rōpū carboxyl te anion i roto i te ngota, ā, he tote ammonium te cation. He rerekē ngā mahi mata o tēnei momo matū horoi me ngā huringa o te pH o te reo. Hei tauira, ka taea te huri i te waikawa dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) ki te konutai dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) i roto i te reo hauwai konutai, e mahi ana hei matū horoi anionic wairewa-wai. I roto i te reo waikawa hauwai, ka taea te huri ki te tote hauwai o te waikawa dodecylaminopropionic [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], e mahi ana hei matū horoi cationic wairewa-wai. Mena ka whakatikatikaina te pH o te reo kia taurite ai ngā utu pai me ngā utu kino, ka huri hei tote o roto (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), he iti nei te wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, ka puta ki waho. Ko te pH i tēnei wāhi ka kiia ko te pūwāhi isoelectric. Hei whakaatu katoa i te pānga o ngā matū horoi amphoteric momo waikawa amino, me whakamahi i roto i ngā otinga wai me te pH e peka ke ana i te pūwāhi isoelectric. Ko ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakarite i ngā surfactants amphoteric momo waikawa amino ko ngā amine tuatahi aliphatic teitei ake, te methyl acrylate (tirohia ngā esters acrylate), te acrylonitrile, me te waikawa chloroacetic.
- Bmomo etaine
Ko ngā matū horoi amphoteric momo Betaine te āhuatanga nui rawa atu, arā, ko te wairewa i roto i ngā wairewa wai, ahakoa he waikawa, he kūpapa, he kawakore rānei. Kāore e puta he wai ahakoa i te pūwāhi isoelectric. Hei tāpiri, he pai anō hoki ō rātou āhuatanga pērā i te uruhanga, te horoi me te mahi ārai-pūmau. Nō reira, he pai rātou hei whakapūhui me te whakangawari.
Carboxybetaine
Ko te anion i roto i te ngota he rōpū carboxyl, ā, ko te cation he rōpū ammonium quaternary. Hei tauira, ko te alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], kei reira te rōpū alkyl R he 12 ki te 18 ngā ngota waro. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā momo waikawa amino, ka taea e ngā momo betaine te rewa i roto i te wai i roto i ngā pāpāho waikawa, kūpapa, kawakore rānei, ā, kāore e whakapūpū ahakoa i te pūwāhi isoelectric, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā otinga wai me tetahi pH. I roto i ngā pāpāho waikawa, ina iti iho te pH o te pūwāhi isoelectric, ka mahi hei surfactant cationic wairewa-wai [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; i roto i ngā pāpāho kūpapa, kawakore rānei, arā, ina rite te pH ki te pūwāhi isoelectric, ka mahi hei surfactant amphoteric wairewa-wai, ā, kāore e mahi hei surfactant anionic. Ko ngā surfactants amphoteric ka hanga i ngā whakapūpū me ngā surfactants anionic i roto i ngā pāpāho waikawa anake. Ka taea te whakamahi tahi me tētahi momo matū horoi i roto i ngā rauemi me ngā uara pH rerekē. Ko ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana mō te whakarite i ngā matū horoi amphoteric momo betaine ko te alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines me te sodium chloroacetate, me ētahi atu.
Sulfobetaine
Ko te rōpū anionic i roto i te ngota ko te rōpū sulfo (SO3-), ā, ko te rōpū cationic ko te rōpū ammonium quaternary. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] me te alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. Ko te maha o ngā ngota waro i roto i te rōpū alkyl R i roto i ngā tātai kei waenga i te 12 ki te 18. He whānui ngā āhuatanga o ngā sulfobetaines; ehara i te mea kei a rātou anake ngā painga katoa o ngā betaines noa engari he painga ahurei anō hoki pērā i te ātete ki ngā kukū tiketike o ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā tote. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia te hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] hei whakakapi i ngā sulfopropyl betaines, e whakaputa ana i ngā matū kino ki te tinana tangata i te wā e hangaia ana. Nā te noho mai o ngā rōpū anionic me ngā rōpū cationic me ngā rōpū hydroxyl i roto i tō rātou hanganga, ehara i te mea he pai noa iho ngā painga katoa o ngā surfactants amphoteric engari he ātete hoki ki ngā kukū tiketike o ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā tote, he pai ngā āhuatanga emulsifying, dispersing, me te antistatic, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga bactericidal, antifungal, me te viscoelastic. He surfactants ēnei me te mahi whānui tino pai, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i ngā mara rerekē pēnei i ngā matū o ia rā, te nekehanga hinu o te mara hinu, te pakaru, me te waikawa.
Pētaine phospholipid
Ko te rōpū anionic i roto i te ngota ko te rōpū phosphate (HPO4-), ā, ko te rōpū cationic ko te rōpū ammonium quaternary. Hei tauira, ko te alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], kei reira te rōpū alkyl R he 12 ki te 18 ngā ngota waro. Mā tēnei hanganga e whakatau ko ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu o ngā surfactants amphoteric pērā i te makuku, te horoi, te whakarewa, ngā āhuatanga emulsifying me te dispersing, te āhuatanga antistatic, te pumau wera, me te hototahi pai, te iti o te riri, me ngā painga ki ngā surfactants anionic whānui pērā i te ātete alkali pai ake, te ātete electrolyte, me te āhuatanga antistatic, engari he kaha hoki te marara o te hopi konupūmā, te iti o te mata, me te mahi huka pai rawa atu.
Wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-04-2026