He maha ngā matū horoi matū i hangaia ai e whakakino ana i te taiao taiao nā te ngoikore o te pirau, te paitini, me te āhua o te kohikohi i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi. He rerekē, ko ngā matū horoi koiora—he ngāwari te pirau, ā, kāore e paitini ki ngā pūnaha taiao—he pai ake mō te whakahaere parahanga i roto i te hangarau taiao. Hei tauira, ka taea e rātou te mahi hei kaikohi pōturi i roto i ngā tukanga maimoatanga wai para, ka piri ki runga i ngā matūriki colloidal kua utaina hei tango i ngā katote konganuku paitini, ka whakamahia rānei ki ngā wāhi whakaora kua poke i ngā matū waro me ngā konganuku taumaha.
1. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Tukanga Maimoatanga Wai Para;
I te wā e rongoatia ana te wai para mā te koiora, he maha ngā wā ka ārai, ka paitini rānei ngā hapori moroiti i roto i te paru kua whakahohehia e ngā katote konganuku taumaha. Nō reira, he mea nui te maimoatanga i mua i te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga koiora hei rongoa i te wai para kei roto ngā katote konganuku taumaha. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga whakatōpū hauwaiwai te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tango i ngā katote konganuku taumaha mai i te wai para, engari he iti te whai huatanga o te whakatōpū nā te wairewa o ngā hauwaiwai, ka hua ake he iti iho i te pai o ngā hua mahi. I tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā wā ka herea ngā tikanga whakapūngā nā te whakamahinga o ngā kaikohi whakapūngā (hei tauira, te matū whakapūngā matū konutai dodecyl sulfate) he uaua ki te pirau i ngā wāhanga maimoatanga o muri mai, ka hua ake te parahanga tuarua. Nō reira, me whakawhanake he huarahi kē atu he ngāwari te pirau me te kore e paitini ki te taiao—ā, he tino pai ēnei painga mō ngā matū whakapūngā koiora.
2. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Whakaoraora Koiora;
I roto i te tukanga whakamahi i ngā moroiti hei whakatere i te pirau o ngā poke rauropi, ā, mā reira ka whakaora i ngā taiao poke, ka taea e ngā matū whakaora koiora te whakaora i ngā wāhi poke rauropi i runga i te papaanga. Nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi tika mai i ngā hupa whakapūkara, ka whakakore i ngā utu e pā ana ki te wehenga, te tango, me te purenga o ngā matū whakaora.
2.1 Te Whakapai Ake i te Whakangaromanga o ngā Ārani;
Ko ngā ārani ngā wāhanga matua o te hinu. I te wā e tūhuratia ana te hinu, e tangohia ana, e kawe ana, e tukatuka ana, e penapena ana hoki, ka poke te oneone me te wai whenua i ngā tukunga hinu. Hei whakateretere i te pirau o ngā ārani, mā te tāpiri i ngā matū whakaora koiora ka taea te whakanui ake i te wai-whakaaro me te pirau o ngā matū wai-whakaaro, te whakanui ake i ngā taupori moroiti, ā, mā reira ka whakapai ake i te tere pirau o ngā ārani.
2.2 Te Whakapai Ake i te Whakangaromanga o ngā Waikawa Kakara Polycyclic (PAH)'
Kua piki haere te aro ki ngā PAH nā ō rātou "pānga mate pukupuku e toru" (mate pukupuku, mate pukupuku, me te mate whakarerekētanga matū). He maha ngā whenua kua whakarōpū i a rātou hei poke matua. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te pirau o ngā moroiti te huarahi matua mō te tango i ngā PAH mai i te taiao, ā, ka heke iho tō rātou pirau i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā mowhiti benzene: Ko ngā PAH he toru, iti iho rānei ngā mowhiti ka ngawari te pirau, ko ngā mea he whā, neke atu rānei ngā mowhiti he uaua ake te wawahi.
2.3 Te Tango i ngā Konganuku Taumaha Paitini;
Ko te tukanga poke o ngā konganuku taumaha paitini i roto i te oneone e tohuhia ana e te huna, te pumau, me te kore e taea te hoki whakamuri, e waiho ana te whakaora i te oneone kua poke i te konganuku taumaha hei arotahi rangahau roa i roto i te ao mātauranga. Ko ngā tikanga o nāianei mō te tango i ngā konganuku taumaha mai i te oneone ko te whakakīkī, te whakaū/whakapūmau, me te maimoatanga wera. Ahakoa he mea hangarau te whakakīkī, he nui ngā mahi hangarau me ngā utu nui. Ka taea te hoki whakamuri i ngā tukanga whakaū, e hiahia ana kia aroturukitia tonutia te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga i muri i te tono. Ko te maimoatanga wera anake e tika ana mō ngā konganuku taumaha ngawari (hei tauira, te mercury). Nō reira, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga koiora iti te utu. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tīmata ngā kairangahau ki te whakamahi i ngā surfactants koiora kore-paitini taiao hei whakaora i te oneone kua poke i te konganuku taumaha.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-08-2025