Te Whakamahinga o ngā Surfactants i roto i ngā Maniua
Te aukati i te kokiritanga o te tongi: Nā te whanaketanga o te umanga tongi, te pikinga o ngā taumata tongi, me te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te taiao, kua nui ake ngā tono a te hapori mō ngā tukanga whakaputa tongi me te pai o te hua. Ko te tono ongā matū horoika taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o te tongi. He wero te whakakoi i te tongi mō te umanga tongi, inā koa mō te haukini pākawa waro, te haukini pākawa waro, te haukini pākawa waro, te haukini pākawa waro, te haukini pākawa waro, te urea, me ngā tongi matū. Hei ārai i te whakakoi, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā mahi ārai i te wā whakaputa, te tākai, me te rokiroki, ka taea te tāpiri i ngā matū horoi ki ngā tongi.
Ka pūkohu te Urea i te wā e kawehia ana, e rongoatia ana hoki, ā, ka pā kino ki tōna hoko me tōna whakamahinga. Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga nā te whakakōhatutanga anō i runga i te mata o ngā paura urea. Ka heke te makuku i roto i ngā paura ki te mata (ka mimiti rānei i te haumākū o te rangi), ka hanga he paparanga wai angiangi. Ina rerekē te pāmahana, ka mimiti tēnei makuku, ka whakakōhatu te wai kua mākū i runga i te mata, ā, ka pūkohu.
I Haina, e toru ngā āhua o ngā maniua hauota: te hauota amium, te hauota nitrate, me te hauota amide. Ko te maniua nitro he maniua matū kukū-teitei kei roto te hauota amium me te hauota nitrate. Kāore i rite ki te urea, ka taea te mimiti tika te hauota nitrate i roto i te maniua nitro e ngā hua me te kore he huringa tuarua, ka hua ake he pai ake. He pai ngā maniua nitro mō ngā hua hokohoko pēnei i te tupeka, te kānga, te merengi, ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā rākau hua, he pai ake te mahi i te urea i roto i ngā oneone kawakore me ngā rohe karst. Heoi, nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā maniua nitro he amium nitrate, he tino hygroscopic, ā, ka uru ki ngā huringa āhua tioata me ngā huringa pāmahana, ka ngawari ki te hanga.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Kaihoroi i roto i te Whakaora i te Oneone Para
I te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā matū hinu, ngā rongoā, me ngā kirihou, ka uru ngā momo poke warowaihā wai-kore (hei tauira, ngā hauwaiwaro hinu, ngā mea warowaihā halogenated, ngā hauwaiwaro kakara polycyclic, ngā patupatu) me ngā katote konganuku taumaha ki te oneone mā roto i ngā turuturu, ngā turuturu, ngā tukunga ahumahi, me te tukunga para, ka puta he poke nui. Ka piri wawe ngā poke warowaihā wai-kore ki ngā mea warowaihā oneone, ka whakaiti i tō rātou waatea koiora me te whakararu i te whakamahinga o te oneone.
He ngota amphiphilic ngā surfactants, ā, he kaha te piri ki ngā hinu, ki ngā hauwaiwaro kakara, me ngā mea rauropi halogenated, ā, he tino whai hua ēnei ki te whakaora i te oneone.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Kaihoroi i roto i te Tiaki Wai Ahuwhenua
He take ā-ao te tauraki, ā, ko ngā ngaronga hua o te hua nā te tauraki he rite ki ngā ngaronga katoa mai i ētahi atu āhuatanga huarere. Ko te tukanga pehi mimiti ko te tāpiri i ngā matū horoi ki ngā pūnaha e hiahia ana kia mau te makuku (hei tauira, te wai ahuwhenua, ngā mata tipu), ka hanga he kiriata monomolecular kore e rewa ki runga i te mata. He iti noa te wāhi mimiti e nohoia ana e tēnei kiriata, ka whakaiti i te rohe mimiti whai hua, ā, ka tiaki i te wai.
Ina rehuhia ki runga i ngā mata o ngā tipu, ka hangaia he hanganga whakarara e ngā matū horoi: ko ō rātou pito wai-kore (e anga ana ki te tipu) ka panaia, ka āraia hoki te mimiti o te makuku o roto, ko ō rātou pito wai-kore (e anga ana ki te hau) ka āwhina i te whakatōtō makuku o te hau. Ko te pānga ngātahi ka ārai i te ngaronga o te wai, ka whakarei ake i te ātete ki te tauraki o ngā hua, ā, ka whakapiki ake i ngā hua.
Whakamutunga
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he whānui ngā whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i ngā hangarau ahuwhenua hou. I te putanga mai o ngā tikanga ahuwhenua hou me ngā wero parahanga hou, ka tipu haere te hiahia mō te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā matū horoi matatau. Mā te waihanga i ngā matū horoi tino whai hua e hāngai ana ki tēnei mara ka taea e tātou te whakateretere i te whakatutukitanga o te ao ahuwhenua hou i Haina.
Wā tuku: 15 o Ākuhata-2025