I roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa ahumahi, ka kohia ngā momo paru, pērā i te kōka, ngā toenga hinu, te unahi, ngā paru, me ngā putunga waikura, ki roto i ngā taputapu me ngā paipa o ngā pūnaha whakaputa. He maha ngā wā ka arahi ēnei putunga ki te pakaru o ngā taputapu me ngā paipa, te hekenga o te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha whakaputa, te pikinga o te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, i ngā wā kino rawa atu, tae atu ki ngā aituā haumaru.
I ngā tau tata nei, me te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hanga hou, kua puta tonu mai ngā paru ahumahi hou, ā, kua tino uaua haere ōna hanganga ngota. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tikanga piri me ngā āhua i waenga i ngā paru ahumahi me ngā momo horoi rerekē e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo paru me te hanganga hanganga me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te mata o ngā mea e horoia ana. Nā ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō te pirau koiora me te kore paitini o ngā matū, e puta tonu ana ngā wero hou ki ngā hangarau horoi matū.
He hangarau whānui te horoi matū e uru ana ki te ako i te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te paru, te whiriwhiri me te hanga o ngā kaihoroi me ngā tāpiringa, te whiriwhiri i ngā aukati waikura, ngā tikanga tukanga horoi, te whakawhanake me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu horoi, te aroturuki i ngā hangarau i te wā horoi, me te maimoatanga waipara, me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihoroi he mea nui hei whakatau i te angitu o ngā mahi horoi, nā te mea ka pā tika ki te whai huatanga o te horoi, te tere tango i te tauine, te tere waikura, me ngā painga ōhanga o ngā taputapu.
E toru ngā wāhanga matua o ngā kaihoroi: te kaihoroi tuatahi, ngā aukati waikura, me ngā matū horoi. Nā te hanganga ngota, kei roto ngā rōpū hydrophilic me ngā rōpū hydrophobic, ka whai wāhi ngā matū horoi ki te mimiti, te urunga, te whakaemulsification, te whakarewatanga, me te horoi i te wā e horoi ana i ngā matū. Ehara i te mea ka whakamahia noa hei āwhina engari e kiia whānuitia ana hoki he wāhanga matua, inā koa i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te horoi waikawa, te horoi kawakore, te aukati waikura, te tango hinu, me te whakahoromata, kei te piki haere te pānga nui o ēnei ki a rātou.
Ko te kaihoroi matua, ngā aukati waikura, me ngā matū horoi matū ngā wāhanga matua e toru o ngā otinga horoi matū. Mā te hanganga matū ahurei o ngā matū horoi matū ka tino whakaitihia te kukū o te mata o te otinga ina rewa ki roto i te otinga wai, ā, ka whakarei ake i tōna kaha ki te whakamakuku. Ina koa ka tae te kukū o ngā matū horoi matū ki te kukū micelle matua (CMC), ka puta ngā huringa nui ki te kukū o te mata o te otinga, te pēhanga osmotic, te matotoru, me ngā āhuatanga whatu.
Ko ngā pānga whakamakuku, te wero, te whakamarara, te whakaemulsifying, me te whakarewa o ngā surfactants i roto i ngā tukanga horoi matū ka eke ki te rua o ngā hua me te haurua o te kaha. Hei whakarāpopototanga, e rua ngā mahi matua a ngā surfactants i roto i te horoi matū: tuatahi, ka whakarei ake i te kukū kitea o ngā poke waro kore e tino wairewa mā te mahi whakarewa o ngā micelles, e mōhiotia ana ko te pānga whakarewa; tuarua, nā ō rātou rōpū amphiphilic, ka mimiti, ka kohia rānei ngā surfactants i te hononga i waenga i ngā āhua hinu me te wai, ka whakaiti i te taumahatanga ā-kanohi.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā matū horoi, me aro nui ki ngā āhuatanga o te kaihoko horoi, ngā aukati waikura, me ngā matū horoi, tae atu ki te hototahitanga o ā rātou taunekeneke.
Wā tuku: 28 o Ākuhata-2025