E ai ki te tikanga whakarōpūtanga o ngā matū o te mara hinu, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā matū hopi e whakamahia ana i te mara hinu mā te whakamahinga ki ngā matū hopi keri, ngā matū hopi whakaputa, ngā matū hopi whakaora hinu whakarei ake, ngā matū hopi kohikohi/kawe hinu me te hau, me ngā matū hopi maimoatanga wai.
Ngā Kaihoroi Keri;
I roto i ngā matū horoi hinu, ko ngā matū horoi keri (tae atu ki ngā tāpiringa wai keri me ngā tāpiringa sima) te nuinga o te rahinga e whakamahia ana—tata ki te 60% o te katoa o ngā matū horoi hinu e whakamahia ana. Ahakoa he iti ake te rahinga o ngā matū horoi whakaputa, he matatau ake te hangarau, tata ki te hautoru o te katoa. He mea nui ēnei wāhanga e rua i roto i ngā tono matū horoi hinu.
I Haina, e rua ngā kaupapa matua e arotahi ana ki ngā rangahau: te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata tuku iho me te whakawhanake i ngā pūmua hanga hou (tae atu ki ngā monomer). I te ao whānui, he motuhake ake te rangahau tāpiri wai keri, me te whakanui i ngā pūmua hanga kei roto te waikawa sulfonic hei turanga mō ngā momo hua - he ia e hanga ana i ngā whanaketanga ā muri ake nei. Kua puta ngā putanga hou i roto i ngā whakaiti matotoru, ngā kaihoko whakahaere ngaronga wai, me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu. He mea nui, i ngā tau tata nei, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i ngā surfactants waipiro polymeric me ngā pānga kapua puta noa i ngā mara hinu o te kāinga, ka hangaia he raupapa o ngā pūnaha wai keri waipiro polymeric. Hei tāpiri, kua whakaatuhia e ngā wai keri methyl glucoside me te glycerin-based ngā hua tono mara whai hua, e akiaki ana i te whanaketanga o ngā surfactants keri. I tēnei wā, ko ngā tāpiri wai keri o Haina e kapi ana i te 18 ngā kāwai me te neke atu i te kotahi mano ngā momo, me te tata ki te 300,000 tana te whakamahinga ā-tau.
Ngā Kaihoroi Whakaputa;
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā surfactants keri, he iti ake te momo me te rahinga o ngā surfactants whakaputa, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahia ana mō te whakakawa me te pakaru. I roto i ngā surfactants pakaru, ko te rangahau mō ngā kaihoko whakapūkara e aro nui ana ki ngā kapia tipu taiao kua whakarerekētia me te cellulose, me ngā polymer hangai pēnei i te polyacrylamide. I ngā tau tata nei, he puhoi te ahunga whakamua o te ao i roto i ngā surfactants wai whakakawa, me te aro nui ki te R&D.ngā aukati waikuramō te whakakawa. Ko te tikanga, ka whakawhanakehia ēnei aukati mā te whakarerekē, te whakaranu rānei i ngā rauemi mata o nāianei, me te whāinga kotahi kia iti, kia kore rānei e paitini, me te wairewa hinu/wai, te marara wai rānei. He nui ngā aukati whakaranu waipiro e hangai ana ki te amine, te ammonium quaternary, me te alkyne, engari kua heke ngā aukati e hangai ana ki te aldehyde nā te āwangawanga paitini. Ko ētahi atu auahatanga ko ngā matatini waikawa dodecylbenzene sulfonic me ngā amine taumaha-iti (hei tauira, ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), me ngā emulsifier waikawa-i-roto-hinu. I Haina, kua roa te rangahau mō ngā surfactants mō ngā wai pakaru me te whakakawa, me te iti o te ahunga whakamua i tua atu i ngā aukati waikura. I roto i ngā hua e wātea ana, ko ngā matū e hangai ana ki te amine (ngā amides tuatahi, tuarua, tuatoru, quaternary rānei me ā rātou ranunga) te nuinga, ā, whai muri ko ngā derivatives imidazoline hei tētahi atu akomanga nui o ngā aukati waikura waro.
Ngā Kaiwhakaora Kohikohi/Kawe Hinu me te Hau;
I tīmata te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā matū horoi hinu mō te kohikohi/te kawe hinu me te hau i Haina i te tekau tau atu i 1960. I ēnei rā, e 14 ngā kāwai me ngā rau hua. Ko ngā matū whakakore hinu mata te mea e tino whakamahia ana, me te tono ā-tau tata ki te 20,000 tana. Kua whakawhanakehia e Haina ngā matū whakakore hinu kua whakaritea mō ngā mara hinu rerekē, he maha o ēnei e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao o te tekau tau atu i 1990. Heoi, he iti tonu ngā matū whakaiti i te ira ringihanga, ngā mea whakapai rere, ngā mea whakaiti matotoru, me ngā mea tango/ārai ware pi, ko te nuinga he hua whakaranu. Ko ngā whakaritenga rerekē o ngā āhuatanga hinu mata rerekē mō ēnei matū horoi hinu he wero, he nui ake hoki ngā tono mō te whakawhanaketanga hua hou.
Ngā Kaihoroi Maimoatanga Wai o te Mara Hinu;
He wāhanga nui ngā matū maimoatanga wai i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā mara hinu, me te nui ake o te whakamahinga ā-tau i te 60,000 tana—tata ki te 40% o ēnei he matū horoi. Ahakoa te nui o te tono, kāore i te rawaka ngā rangahau mō ngā matū horoi maimoatanga wai i Haina, ā, kei te kore tonu te whānuitanga o ngā hua. Ko te nuinga o ngā hua he mea tango mai i te maimoatanga wai ahumahi, engari nā te uaua o te wai mara hinu, he ngoikore te whakamahinga, i ētahi wā kāore e puta he hua e tumanakohia ana. I te ao whānui, ko te whanaketanga o te flocculant te wāhanga tino kaha i roto i te rangahau matū horoi maimoatanga wai, e hua ana he maha ngā hua, ahakoa he iti noa iho i hangaia mō te maimoatanga waipara o te mara hinu.
Wā tuku: 20-Ākuhata-2025