Ngā Take e Whakahaere ana i te Pūmautanga o ngā Emulsions;
I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, ko te pumau o te emulsion e pā ana ki te kaha o ngā pata āhua marara ki te ātete i te hononga. I roto i ngā inenga mō te ine i te pumau o te emulsion, ko te tere o te hononga i waenga i ngā pata marara te mea tino nui; ka taea te whakatau mā te ine i te maha o ngā pata mō ia rōrahi i roto i te wā. I te hanumitanga o ngā pata i roto i te emulsion ki ngā mea nunui ake, ā, i te mutunga ka pakaru, ko te tere o tēnei tukanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te kiriata ā-kanohi, te pana hiko i waenga i ngā pata, te aukati steric mai i ngā kiriata polymer, te matotoru o te āhua tonu, te rahi me te tohatoha o te pata, te ōwehenga rōrahi āhua, te pāmahana, me ētahi atu.
O ēnei, ko te āhua ā-tinana o te kiriata atanga, ngā taunekeneke hiko, me te aukati steric ngā mea tino nui.
(1) Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana o te Kiriata Atanga
Ko te tukinga i waenga i ngā pata waikura-āhua te mea nui mō te whakakotahitanga. Ka haere tonu te whakakotahitanga, ka whakaiti i ngā pata waikura iti hei pata waikura nui ake tae noa ki te pakaru o te emulsion. I roto i te tukinga me te hanumi, ko te kaha ā-pūkaha o te kiriata ā-mata o te pata waikura te mea matua hei whakatau i te pumau o te emulsion. Hei whakawhiwhi i te kiriata ā-mata ki te kaha ā-pūkaha nui, me waiho hei kiriata piripono—ko ōna ngota surfactant wāhanga e herea ana e ngā kaha kaha taha. Me whai ngāwari pai hoki te kiriata, kia taea ai e ia te whakatika i a ia anō ina puta he kino ā-rohe mai i ngā tukinga pata waikura, ka taea e ia te whakatika i a ia anō.
(2) Ngā Taunekeneke Hiko
Tērā pea ka whiwhi ngā mata pata i roto i ngā whakapūhui i ētahi utu mō ngā take maha: te whakapūhuitanga o ngā matū horoi ionic, te mimiti o ngā ion motuhake ki runga i te mata pata, te waku i waenga i ngā pata me te reo e karapoti ana, me ētahi atu. I roto i ngā whakapūhui hinu-i-te-wai (O/W), he mea nui te utunga o ngā pata ki te aukati i te whakakotahitanga, te whakakotahitanga, me te pakarutanga. E ai ki te ariā pumau colloid, ka kukume ngā kaha van der Waals i ngā pata; engari ina tata mai ngā pata kia taupatupatu ai ō rātou paparanga takirua o te mata, ka aukati te pana hiko i te tata atu. Mārama noa, ki te nui ake te pana i te kukume, ka iti ake te tūponotanga o ngā pata ki te tukinga me te whakakotahi, ā, ka noho pumau te whakapūhui; ki te kore, ka whai muri te whakakotahitanga me te pakarutanga.
Mō ngā wai-i-roto-i-te-hinu (W/O), he iti noa te utu o ngā pata wai, ā, nā te mea he iti te pūmau dielectric o te wāhanga tonu, ā, he matotoru te paparanga rua, he iti noa te awe o ngā pānga hiko-pūmau ki te pumau.
(3) Te Whakapūmautanga o te Tūturu
Ina mahi ngā pūmua hei kaiwhakaranu, ka matotoru ake te paparanga ā-kanohi, ka hanga he parepare lyophilic pakari huri noa i ia pata—he ārai ā-wāhi e aukati ana i ngā pata kia tata mai, kia pā atu hoki. Ko te āhua lyophilic o ngā ngota pūmua ka mau hoki i te nui o te wai āhua-tonu i roto i te paparanga tiaki, ka rite ki te tiēre. Nō reira, ka whakaatuhia e te rohe ā-kanohi te matotoru o te ā-kanohi me te viscoelasticity pai, e āwhina ana ki te aukati i te hanumi o ngā pata me te pupuri i te pumau. Ahakoa ka puta he hononga, he maha ngā wā ka huihui ngā kaiwhakaranu pūmua ki te ā-kanohi kua whakaitihia i roto i ngā āhua muka, tioata rānei, ka whakamātotoru i te kiriata ā-kanohi, ā, ka ārai i te hononga anō.
(4) Te ōritetanga o te tohatoha rahi o te pata
Ina pakaruhia tētahi rōrahi o te wāhanga marara ki ngā pata o ngā rahi rerekē, ka iti ake te horahanga ā-mata katoa o te pūnaha kei roto ko ngā pata nui ake, ā, nō reira ka iti ake te kaha ā-mata, ka nui ake te pumau o te pāmahana. I roto i tētahi emulsion e noho tahi ana ngā pata o ngā rahi nui me ngā rahi iti, ka mimiti ngā pata iti i te mea ka tipu ngā pata nunui. Ki te haere tonu tēnei ahunga whakamua me te kore e āraihia, ka pakaru i te mutunga. Nō reira, he pumau ake te emulsion he whāiti, he ōrite te tohatoha rahi pata i tētahi he rite te rahi pata toharite engari he whānui te whānuitanga o te rahi.
(5) Te awe o te pāmahana
Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga pāmahana te whakarerekē i te kumetanga ā-kanohi, ngā āhuatanga me te matotoru o te kiriata ā-kanohi, te wairewatanga whanaunga o te emulsifier i ngā wāhanga e rua, te pēhanga kohu o ngā wāhanga wai, me te nekehanga wera o ngā pata marara. Ka taea e ēnei huringa katoa te pā ki te pumau o te emulsion, ā, ka puta pea te hurihanga, te pakaru rānei o te wāhanga.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 27-2025