Ko te tikanga o ngā kaiwhakaiti hinu mata e ahu mai ana i te mātāpono whakawhiti-āhua-whakamuri. Ina tāpirihia he kaiwhakaiti, ka puta he whakawhiti āhua: ka puta mai ngā matū horoi e taea ai te whakaputa i tētahi momo emulsion e rerekē ana ki tērā i hangaia e te emulsifier (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā kaiwhakaiti-āhua-whakamuri). Ka tauhohe aua kaiwhakaiti ki ngā emulsifier hydrophobic hei hanga i ngā matatini, ā, ka tangohia te kaha emulsifier o te emulsifier.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te pakaru o te kiriata ā-kanohi i puta mai i te tukinga. I raro i ngā āhuatanga o te wera, o te whakaoho rānei, he nui te whai wāhi o te demulsifier ki te tukinga ki te kiriata ā-kanohi o te emulsion, e piri ana ki runga, e nekehia ana rānei, e whakakapi ana rānei i ētahi wāhanga o ngā matū hohe-mata, ā, ka pakaru te kiriata. Ka tino whakaitihia te pumau e tēnei, ka puta te flocculation me te coalescence ka arahi ki te demulsification.
He maha ngā wā ka puta ake ngā hinu mata i roto i te hanga me te whakamahine i ngā hua hinu. Ko te nuinga o ngā hinu mata tuatahi o te ao ka riro mai i roto i te āhua emulsified. Ko te emulsion he mea hanga mai i te iti rawa e rua ngā wai e kore e taea te whakaranu, ko tētahi o ēnei he marara pai—he pata tata ki te 1 μm te whānui—i roto i tētahi atu.
Ko tētahi o ēnei wai he wai te nuinga, ko tētahi he hinu te nuinga. Tērā pea ka tino marara te hinu ki roto i te wai, ā, ka huri te hinu ki te momo hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai (O/W), ko te wai te wāhanga tonu, ā, ko te hinu te wāhanga marara. I tetahi atu taha, ki te hanga te hinu i te wāhanga tonu, ā, ka wai i te wāhanga marara, ka huri te hinu ki te momo wai-i-roto-i-te-hinu (W/O)—ko te nuinga o ngā hinu mata ka uru ki tēnei wāhanga whakamutunga.
Ka kukume ngā ngota wai tetahi ki tetahi, pērā i ngā ngota hinu; heoi, kei waenganui i ngā ngota wai me ngā ngota hinu takitahi he kaha pana e mahi ana i ō rātou atanga. Ka whakaitihia e te kukū mata te horahanga atanga, nō reira ka anga atu ngā pata i roto i te whakapūtanga W/O ki te porowhita. Heoi anō, ka pai ake ngā pata takitahi ki te whakakotahi, ko tōna horahanga mata katoa he iti ake i te tapeke o ngā horahanga pata motuhake. Nō reira, he koretake te whakapūtanga o te wai parakore me te hinu parakore: ka anga atu te wāhanga marara ki te whakakotahi, ka hanga i ngā paparanga wehe e rua ina āraihia te pana atanga—hei tauira, mā te kohikohinga o ngā matū motuhake i te atanga, e whakaiti ana i te kukū mata. I runga i te hangarau, he maha ngā tono e whakamahi ana i tēnei pānga mā te tāpiri i ngā emulsifier rongonui hei whakaputa i ngā whakapūtanga pumau. Ko tētahi matū e whakaū ana i te whakapūtanga i tēnei ara me whai hanganga matū e āhei ai te taunekeneke i te wā kotahi me ngā ngota wai me te hinu—arā, me whai i tētahi rōpū hydrophilic me tētahi rōpū hydrophobic.
Nā ngā matū taiao i roto i te hinu te pumau o ngā hinu mata, he maha ngā wā e mau ana ngā rōpū polar pēnei i te carboxyl, i ngā rōpū phenolic rānei. Tērā pea ēnei hei otinga, hei marara colloidal rānei, he tino awe ina piri ki ngā hononga. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka marara te nuinga o ngā matūriki i te wāhanga hinu, ka kohikohi i te hononga hinu-wai, ka tūhono tahi me ō rātou rōpū polar e anga ana ki te wai. Nō reira ka puta he paparanga hononga ā-tinana pumau, he rite ki te hipoki totoka e rite ana ki te paparanga matūriki, ki te whatunga tioata paraffin rānei. Ki te kanohi tahanga, ka puta tēnei hei paninga e takai ana i te paparanga hononga. Mā tēnei tikanga ka whakamārama te koroheketanga o ngā hinu mata me te uaua o te pakaru.
I ngā tau tata nei, ko te rangahau mō ngā tikanga whakakorenga hinu mata kua arotahi nui ki te rangahau whānui o ngā tukanga whakakotahitanga pata me te pānga o ngā mea whakakorenga ki ngā āhuatanga rheological atanga. Heoi, nā te mea he tino uaua te mahi a ngā mea whakakorenga ki ngā mea whakakorenga, ā, ahakoa ngā rangahau whānui i tēnei mara, kāore anō kia puta he ariā kotahi mō te tikanga whakakorenga.
He maha ngā tikanga e mōhiotia ana i tēnei wā:
③ Tikanga whakarewa – Ka taea e te ngota kotahi, e ētahi ngota rānei o te demulsifier te hanga i ngā micelles; ka whakarewahia e ēnei koiri macromolecular, micelles rānei ngā ngota emulsifier, ka tere ake te pakaru o te hinu mata kua whakarewahia.
④ Tikanga whakapiko-whakapiko– E whakaatu ana ngā tirohanga mōkito he takirua, he maha rānei ngā anga wai o ngā whakamomona W/O, me ngā anga hinu e piri ana i waenganui i a rātou. I raro i ngā pānga whakakotahi o te whakamahana, te whakaoho, me te mahi whakakore i ngā matū, ka honoa ngā paparanga o roto o ngā pata, ka hua ake te whakakotahitanga me te whakakorenga o ngā pata.
Hei tāpiritanga, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ā-rohe mō ngā tikanga whakakorenga mō ngā pūnaha hinu mata kua whakaemulsified O/W me tutuki i te kaiwhakakorenga pai ngā paearu e whai ake nei: te kaha o te mata; te mahi mākū pai; te kaha pupuhi rawaka; me te kaha whakakotahi whai hua.
He maha ngā momo demulsifiers; e whakarōpūtia ana e ngā momo surfactant, tae atu ki ngā momo cationic, anionic, nonionic, me te zwitterionic.
Ngā mea whakakore i ngā matū anionika: ngā carboxylates, ngā sulfonates, ngā polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate esters, me ētahi atu.—ko ngā ngoikoretanga ko te horopeta nui, te koretake o te whai huatanga, me te ngoikore o te mahi i te aroaro o ngā electrolytes.
Ngā mea whakakore matū cationic: ko te nuinga he tote ammonium quaternary—he whai hua mō ngā hinu māmā engari kāore e pai mō ngā hinu taumaha, ngā hinu kua tawhito rānei.
Ngā kaiwhakaiti kore-ionic: ngā copolymer poraka i tīmatahia e ngā amine; ngā copolymer poraka i tīmatahia e ngā waipiro; ngā copolymer poraka kapia alkylphenol-formaldehyde; ngā copolymer poraka kapia phenol-amine-formaldehyde; ngā kaiwhakaiti i ahu mai i te silicone; ngā kaiwhakaiti taumaha ngota tino teitei; ngā polyphosphate; ngā copolymer poraka kua whakarerekētia; me ngā kaiwhakaiti zwitterionic e tohuhia ana e ngā kaiwhakaiti hinu mata i ahu mai i te imidazoline.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-04-2025