1. Ngā Ariā Taketake o ngā Kaihoroi Pūmua
Ko ngā matū whakakoi irahiko (polymer surfactants) e pā ana ki ngā matū he taumaha ngota ngota e eke ana ki tētahi taumata (mai i te 103 ki te 106) ā, he āhuatanga mata-kaha anō hoki ō rātou. I runga i te hanganga, ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei ki ngā copolymers poraka, ngā copolymers tākai, me ētahi atu. I runga i te momo ionic, ka wehea ngā matū whakakoi irahiko ki ngā wāhanga matua e whā: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, me te nonionic. I runga i tō rātou takenga mai, ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei ki ngā matū whakakoi irahiko tūturu, ngā matū whakakoi irahiko tūturu kua whakarerekētia, me ngā matū whakakoi irahiko hangai.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi ngota iti, ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā matū horoi polymer ko:
(1) He ngoikore ake tō rātou kaha ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata me te āwhata, ā, ko te nuinga kāore e hanga i ngā micelles;
(2) He nui ake te taumaha ngota o ēnei, ā, ka ngoikore ake te kaha uru;
(3) Kāore e tino pai te pupuhi o te huka, engari he pumau tonu ngā mirumiru e hangaia ana e rātou;
(4) He tino kaha te whakapūkara i a rātou;
(5) He tino pai ō rātou āhuatanga marara me te piripono;
(6) He iti te paitini o te nuinga o ngā matū horoi polymer.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Mahi o ngā Kaihoroi Pūmua
·Te Taumahatanga o te Mata
Nā te whanonga aronga o ngā wāhanga hydrophilic me hydrophobic o ngā surfactants polymer i ngā mata, i ngā atanga rānei, kei a rātou te kaha ki te whakaiti i te kume o te mata me te atanga, ahakoa he iti iho tēnei kaha i ērā o ngā surfactants taumaha-iti.
He ngoikore ake te kaha o ngā matū horomanga polymer ki te whakaiti i te kukū mata i ō ngā matū horomanga iti-taumaha-ngota, ā, ka heke tere te mahi a ō rātou mata i te pikinga ake o te taumaha-ngota.
·Te Whakapūtanga me te Mararatanga
Ahakoa te taumaha ngota ngota teitei, he maha ngā matū horoi matū polymer ka taea te hanga micelles i roto i te wāhanga marara, ā, ka whakaatu i te kukū micelle nui (CMC), ā, ka tutuki i a rātou ngā mahi emulsifying. Nā tō rātou hanganga amphiphilic ka taea e tetahi wāhanga o te ngota te piri ki ngā mata matūriki, ko tetahi atu wāhanga ka rewa i roto i te wāhanga tonu (te reo marara). Ina kore e tino teitei te taumaha ngota ngota o te polymer, ka whakaatu i ngā pānga aukati steric, ka hanga arai i runga i ngā mata o ngā pata monomer, o ngā matūriki polymer rānei hei aukati i tō rātou whakakotahitanga me te whakakotahitanga.
·Te totoka
Ina he tino teitei ngā taumaha ngota o ngā matūriki hopi, ka taea e rātou te piri ki runga i ngā matūriki maha, ka hanga piriti i waenganui i a rātou, ka hanga hoki i ngā putunga puehu, ā, ka mahi hei putunga puehu.
·Ētahi atu Mahi
He maha ngā polymer surfactants kāore e whakaputa pahuka kaha, engari ka putaārai i te pupuri wai kaha, me te pumau pai o te pahuka. Nā te taumaha ngota teitei, he pai ake hoki ō rātou āhuatanga hanga kiriata me te piri.
·Whāngaitanga Whakatau
Te whanonga o ngā matū horoi polymer i roto i ngā whakarewa whiriwhiri: Ko te nuinga o ngā matū horoi polymer he poraka amphiphilic, he kopolymer tākai rānei. I roto i ngā whakarewa whiriwhiri, he uaua ake te whanonga o ā rātou otinga i ō ngā ngota iti, ngā homopolymer rānei. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te hanganga ngota, te ōwehenga roa o ngā wāhanga amphiphilic, te hanganga, me ngā āhuatanga o te whakarewa he tino pānga ki te āhua o ā rātou otinga. Pērā i ngā matū horoi taumaha-iti, ka whakaitihia e ngā polymer amphiphilic te taumaha o te mata mā te mimiti i ngā rōpū hydrophobic i te mata, me te hanga i ngā micelles i roto i te otinga i te wā kotahi.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 10-2025