1. Chotsukira mano
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma surfactants. Potengera zomwe amapanga, awa ndi awa: ma surfactants anionic ndi 56%, ma surfactants osakhala a ionic ndi 36%, ma surfactants a amphoteric ndi 5%, ndipo ma surfactants a cationic ndi 3%.
2. Chosagwiritsa ntchito ma ionic surfactant
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma surfactants osakhala a ionic ndi monga ma alkylolamides (FFA), ma polyoxyethylene ethers olemera (AE), ndi ma alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE kapena OP). Ma surfactants osakhala a ionic ali ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri monga kusungunuka, kuyeretsa, mphamvu zotsutsana ndi static, kukwiya kochepa, ndi kufalikira kwa sopo wa calcium. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa pH yokulirapo poyerekeza ndi ma surfactants odziwika bwino. Kupatulapo ma detergent ndi thovu, magwiridwe antchito awo ena nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kuposa ma surfactants odziwika bwino. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera ma surfactants osakhala a ionic pang'ono ku ma surfactants a ionic kungathandize kukulitsa ntchito ya pamwamba pa dongosolo poyerekeza machitidwe omwe ali ndi zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ma alkylolamides ndi mtundu wa mankhwala osakhala a ionic omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu sopo zosiyanasiyana zamadzimadzi. Mafotokozedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a ma alkylolamides mu sopo zamadzimadzi ndi "2:1 amide" ndi "1.5:1 amide", ndipo "1:1 amide" angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mafotokozedwe atatuwa amasonyeza magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana pankhani ya kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi kukhuthala. Nthawi zambiri, "1.5:1 amide" ndi yocheperako ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakumwa zotsukira mbale. Nthawi zambiri, "1:1 amide" ndi yosavuta kusungunuka pokhapokha ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma surfactants ena osungunuka m'madzi. Ma alkylolamides ndi oyenera kwambiri pa sopo za alkaline ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu sopo zopanda asidi. Ma alkylolamides ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri pakati pa ma surfactants osakhala a ionic, omwe mtengo wake ndi 7,800 yuan/ton mu 2002. Ma alkylolamides amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa ma polyoxyethylene alcohols a fatty alcohols mu sopo zamadzimadzi. Ma surfactants osakhala a ionic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shampoo nthawi zambiri amakhala ma alkylolamides. Zifukwa zake zingakhale izi: FFA ili ndi ntchito zabwino kapena zambiri kuposa AE; mtengo wa zinthu za FFA ndi wotsika kuposa wa AE; kusungunuka kwa FFA ndikwabwino kuposa kwa AE; ndipo mphamvu ya thovu ya FFA ndikwabwino kuposa ya AE.
2. Cationic surfactant
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma surfactants a cationic ndi monga cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone oil, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), ndi zina zotero. Mosiyana ndi ma surfactants ena, ma surfactants a cationic ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyeretsera komanso zotulutsa thovu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi poizoni woopsa (wotsika). Mu zotsukira zamadzimadzi, ma surfactants a cationic amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma surfactants othandizira - othandizira okonza omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri mu mapangidwe; nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapamwamba, makamaka mu ma shampu. Ma surfactants a cationic sagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ma surfactants a anionic. Ngakhale pali kuthekera kopeza zotsatira zabwino pamene ma cations ndi ma anions akugwirizana, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha mvula (crystallization). Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma surfactants a cationic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma shampu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kogwiritsidwa ntchito kumakhala kosiyana - osati molunjika pa mtundu umodzi kapena iwiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kukhala zinthu zothandizira zokonza. Gawo la ma surfactants a cationic pakati pa ma surfactants ndi laling'ono, ndipo mitengo yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera mtengo kuposa mitundu ina ya ma surfactants. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma surfactants, ma surfactants a cationic ali ndi mphamvu yodziwika bwino yokonza zinthu komanso mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yowononga mabakiteriya; ngakhale kuti ali ndi zovuta monga kusagwira bwino ntchito, thovu loipa, kusagwirizana bwino, kuyabwa kwambiri, komanso mtengo wokwera, sangasinthidwe ndi mitundu ina ya ma surfactants ngati othandizira okonza zinthu mu shampu zapamwamba zamadzimadzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma surfactants a cationic angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati othandizira okonza zinthu kapena mabakiteriya okha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-02-2026