1. Zopangira dongo lokhazikika
Kukhazikitsa dongo kumaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: kuletsa kutupa kwa mchere wa dongo ndikuletsa kusamuka kwa tinthu ta dongo. Poletsa kutupa kwa dongo, ma surfactants a cationic monga mtundu wa amine salt, mtundu wa quaternary ammonium salt, mtundu wa pyridinium salt, ndi mtundu wa imidazoline salt angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Poletsa kusamuka kwa tinthu ta dongo, ma surfactants osakhudzana ndi fluorine omwe ali ndi cationic angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
2. Mankhwala opangira asidi
Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya asidi, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana ku yankho la asidi. Surfactant iliyonse yomwe imagwirizana ndi yankho la asidi ndipo imalowetsedwa mosavuta ndi mapangidwe ake ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati retarder yochepetsera asidi. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mafuta amine hydrochloride, mchere wa quaternary ammonium, ndi mchere wa pyridinium pakati pa ma surfactants a cationic, komanso ma sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate-esterified, kapena sulfate-esterified polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers pakati pa ma surfactants amphoteric. Ma surfactants ena, monga dodecyl sulfonic acid ndi mchere wake wa alkylamine, amatha kusakaniza yankho la asidi mumafuta kuti apange emulsion ya acid-in-oil, yomwe, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi ogwirira ntchito ochepetsera asidi, imachitanso ntchito yochepetsera.
Ma surfactants ena amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zochotsa asidi m'madzi. Ma surfactants okhala ndi nthambi, monga polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether ndi polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene pentaethylenehexamine, onse amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zochotsera asidi m'madzi.
Ma surfactants ena amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zowonjezera zotsukira asidi. Ma surfactants omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera zotsukira ndi monga mitundu ya mchere wa amine, mitundu ya mchere wa quaternary ammonium, mitundu ya mchere wa pyridinium, mitundu yosakhala ya ionic, mitundu ya amphoteric, ndi ma surfactants okhala ndi fluorinated.
Ma surfactants ena amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zoletsa matope opangitsa asidi kukhala acid, monga ma surfactants osungunuka ndi mafuta monga alkyl phenols, fatty acids, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, ndi quaternary ammonium salts. Popeza kusungunuka kwa asidi awo ndi kochepa, ma surfactants omwe si a ionic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwafalitsa mu yankho la asidi.
Kuti muwongolere mphamvu ya asidi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chosinthira kunyowa mu yankho la asidi kuti musinthe kunyowa kwa malo omwe ali pafupi ndi chitsime kuchoka pa kunyowa kwa mafuta kupita ku kunyowa kwa madzi. Zosakaniza monga polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether ndi phosphate-esterified polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether zimayamwa ndi kupangika ngati gawo loyamba la kunyowa, motero zimapangitsa kuti kunyowa kubwezeretse mphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma surfactants ena, monga mafuta amine hydrochloride, mchere wa quaternary ammonium, kapena ma surfactants osakhala a ionic-anionic, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotulutsa thovu pokonzekera madzi ogwirira ntchito a thovu, kukwaniritsa zolinga zochepetsera, kuletsa dzimbiri, komanso kukulitsa asidi. Kapenanso, ma thovu otere amatha kukonzedwa ngati ma pre-pad okonzera asidi, omwe amalowetsedwa mu kapangidwe kake asanalowe yankho la asidi. Mphamvu ya Jamin yomwe imachokera ku thovu mu thovu imatha kusintha yankho la asidi, kukakamiza asidi kusungunula zigawo zochepa zomwe zimalowa bwino ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya asidi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2026