Kupaka miyala ndi ntchito yopanga zinthu zopangira zitsulo ndi makampani opanga mankhwala. Kupaka thovu kwakhala njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yopangira mchere. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zamchere zimatha kulekanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kupota.
Pakali pano, flotation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza miyala yachitsulo yachitsulo yolamulidwa ndi chitsulo ndi manganese, monga hematite, smithsonite, ndi ilmenite; miyala yachitsulo yamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva; miyala yachitsulo yopanda chitsulo kuphatikizapo mkuwa, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, ndi antimony, monga mchere wa sulfide monga galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, ndi pentlandite, komanso mchere wa oxide monga malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, ndi wolframite; mchere wopanda chitsulo monga fluorite, apatite, ndi barite; ndi mchere wosungunuka monga sylvite ndi mchere wa miyala. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulekanitsa mchere wopanda chitsulo ndi silicates, kuphatikizapo malasha, graphite, sulfure, diamondi, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, ndi spodumene.
Flotation yapeza luso lalikulu pa ntchito yokonza mchere, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kosalekeza. Ngakhale mchere wochepa komanso wovuta womwe kale unkaonedwa kuti sungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale tsopano ukhoza kubwezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito (ngati chuma chachiwiri) kudzera mu flotation.
Pamene zinthu za mchere zikuchepa kwambiri, pamene mchere wothandiza umagawidwa bwino komanso mosiyanasiyana m'matanthwe, vuto lolekanitsa limakula. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, mafakitale monga zitsulo ndi mankhwala amafuna miyezo yapamwamba komanso kulondola kwa zinthu zopangira, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zolekanitsidwa.
Kumbali imodzi, pakufunika kukonza ubwino; kumbali ina, kuyandama kwa nthaka kukuwonetsa ubwino kuposa njira zina pothana ndi vuto la mchere wosalala womwe ndi wovuta kuulekanitsa. Yakhala njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yodalirika yokonzera mchere masiku ano. Poyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mchere wa sulfide, kuyandama kwa nthaka kwakula pang'onopang'ono kukhala mchere wa oxide, mchere wosakhala wachitsulo, ndi zina. Pakadali pano, matani mabiliyoni ambiri a mchere amakonzedwa ndi kuyandama padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa flotation sikungokhala pa uinjiniya wokonza mchere wokha koma kwakula mpaka kuteteza chilengedwe, kupanga zitsulo, kupanga mapepala, ulimi, mankhwala, chakudya, zipangizo, mankhwala, ndi sayansi ya zamoyo.
Mwachitsanzo, flotation imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa zinthu zothandiza kuchokera ku zinthu zapakati za pyrometallurgy, volatiles, ndi slags; kubwezeretsa zotsalira za leach ndi zinthu zomwe zawonongeka kuchokera ku hydrometallurgy; kuchotsa pepala lobwezerezedwanso ndi ulusi kuchokera ku zinyalala za pulp mumakampani opanga mankhwala; komanso kuchotsa mafuta olemera osakonzedwa kuchokera kumchenga wa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, kulekanitsa zoipitsa zazing'ono, ma colloids, mabakiteriya, ndi zinyalala zachitsulo kuchokera ku zimbudzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa zachilengedwe.
Ndi kusintha kwa njira ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu, komanso kutulukira kwa zida zatsopano komanso zogwira mtima zoyendetsera zinthu, kuyendetsa zinthu kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'magawo ambiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera zinthu kumaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera zinthu chifukwa cha ma reagents (poyerekeza ndi kulekanitsa kwa maginito ndi mphamvu yokoka); zofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa tinthu ta chakudya; zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza njira yoyendetsera zinthu, zomwe zimafuna kulondola kwaukadaulo; komanso madzi otayira okhala ndi ma reagents otsala omwe angawononge chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-26-2025