1. Kuyeretsa mafakitale
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, limatanthauza njira yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale yochotsera zodetsa (dothi) zomwe zimapangidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi, mankhwala, zachilengedwe ndi zina, kuti zibwezeretse pamwamba pa zinthuzo momwe zinalili poyamba. Kuyeretsa mafakitale kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu: ukadaulo woyeretsa, zida zotsukira ndi zinthu zotsukira. Ukadaulo woyeretsa umaphatikizapo: (1) Kuyeretsa mankhwala, komwe kumaphatikizapo kutsuka kwapadera, kutsuka kwa alkali, kutsuka zosungunulira, ndi zina zotero. Mtundu uwu woyeretsa nthawi zambiri umafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsukira pamodzi ndi zinthu zotsukira. Mu kuyeretsa kwachikhalidwe kwa mafakitale, mtundu uwu woyeretsa umakhala wotsika mtengo, ndi wofulumira komanso wosavuta, ndipo wakhala ukulamuliridwa kwa nthawi yayitali; (2) Kuyeretsa mwakuthupi, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa madzi ndi ndege yamagetsi, kuyeretsa mpweya wosokoneza, kuyeretsa kwa ultrasound, kuyeretsa kwamagetsi, kutsuka kwa kuwombera, kuyeretsa mchenga, kuyeretsa ayezi wouma, kuyeretsa kwa makina, ndi zina zotero. Mtundu uwu woyeretsa umagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsukira, kuphatikiza ndi madzi oyera, tinthu tolimba, ndi zina zotero poyeretsa. Uli ndi mphamvu yoyeretsa kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zidazo zimakhala zodula ndipo mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito si wotsika; (3) Kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yothandiza yomwe imapangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyeretsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa nsalu ndi mapaipi. Komabe, chifukwa cha zofunikira zake zenizeni pa ntchito yothandiza ya ma enzyme achilengedwe, malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ochepa. Pali njira zambiri zogawa zinthu zoyeretsa m'mafakitale, ndipo zodziwika bwino ndi zotsukira zochokera m'madzi, zotsukira zochokera m'madzi ochepa komanso zotsukira zochokera ku zosungunulira. Ndi kukulitsa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, zotsukira zochokera ku zosungunulira zikusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zotsukira zochokera m'madzi zidzakhala ndi malo ambiri. Zotsukira zochokera m'madzi zitha kugawidwa m'zigawo zotsukira za alkaline, zotsukira za acidic ndi zotsukira zosalowerera malinga ndi pH yosiyana. Zotsukira zikukula kuti ziteteze chilengedwe chobiriwira, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kusunga mphamvu komanso kusunga ndalama, zomwe zimayika patsogolo zofunikira izi kwa iwo: zotsukira zochokera m'madzi zimalowa m'malo mwa zotsukira zachikhalidwe; zotsukira sizili ndi phosphorous, zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni yochepa kapena yopanda nayitrogeni, ndipo sizili ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zovulaza chilengedwe; zotsukira ziyeneranso kukula kuti zikhale ndi kuchuluka (kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera), kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudziwika bwino; momwe zotsukira zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndizosavuta, makamaka kutentha kwa chipinda; Mtengo wopangira zinthu zotsukira ndi wotsika kuti achepetse mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito kwa makasitomala.
2. Mfundo Zopangira Mapangidwe a Zotsukira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Madzi
Tisanapange njira yoyeretsera, nthawi zambiri timagawa zinthu zodetsa. Zinthu zodetsa zodziwika bwino zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi njira zoyeretsera.
(1) Zodetsa zomwe zimatha kusungunuka mu njira za asidi, alkali, kapena enzyme: Zodetsa izi n'zosavuta kuchotsa. Pa zodetsa zotere, titha kusankha ma acid, alkali, kapena
Ma enzyme, kuwakonzekera kukhala njira zothetsera mavuto, ndikuchotsa zodetsazo mwachindunji.
(2) Zodetsa zosungunuka m'madzi: Zodetsa zotere, monga mchere wosungunuka, shuga, ndi starch, zimatha kusungunuka ndikuchotsedwa pamwamba pa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kunyowetsa madzi, kuchiza ndi ultrasound, ndi kupopera.
(3) Zodetsa zomwe zimamwazika m'madzi: Zodetsa monga simenti, gypsum, laimu, ndi fumbi zimatha kunyowetsedwa, kufalikira, ndikuyikidwa m'madzi kuti zichotsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya makina ya zida zoyeretsera, zotayira zosungunuka m'madzi, zolowetsa madzi, ndi zina zotero.
(4) Dothi losasungunuka m'madzi: Zoipitsa monga mafuta ndi sera ziyenera kusungunuka, kusungunuka, ndikuzimwaza pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakunja, zowonjezera, ndi zosakaniza kuti zichoke pamwamba pa substrate, kupanga kufalikira, ndikuchotsedwa pamwamba pa substrate. Komabe, dothi lalikulu silipezeka mu mawonekedwe amodzi koma limasakanikirana pamodzi ndikumamatira pamwamba kapena mkati mwa substrate. Nthawi zina, pansi pa mphamvu zakunja, zimatha kuwiritsa, kuwola, kapena kukhala ngati nkhungu, ndikupanga zoipitsa zovuta kwambiri. Koma mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi zoipitsa zomwe zimapangidwa kudzera mu mgwirizano wa mankhwala kapena zoipitsa zomatira zomwe zimapangidwa kudzera mu mgwirizano wakuthupi, kuziyeretsa bwino kuyenera kudutsa masitepe anayi akuluakulu: kusungunuka, kunyowetsa, kusungunuka ndi kufalikira, ndi chelation.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-12-2026