Mphamvu ya ma surfactants a cationic ndi yosiyana ndi ya ma surfactants a anionic, kotero ma surfactants a cationic nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "sopo wotsutsana". Ponena za kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo, ali ndi gulu limodzi lokha la hydrophobic la unyolo wautali ndi gulu limodzi lokhala ndi hydrophilic lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zabwino. Magulu a hydrophobic a unyolo wautali nthawi zambiri amachokera ku mafuta acids kapena mankhwala a petroleum, kotero ma amines amafuta ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira ma surfactants a cationic. Ma surfactants a cationic ali ndi detergent yochepa, koma mphamvu zawo zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya komanso kuyanjana kwawo ndi kumamatira pamalo olimba ndizodziwika bwino. Mu zodzoladzola, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzola tsitsi, fungicides, bacteriostats, softeners, ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi caries, ndi zina zotero.
1. Mchere wa amine wonenepa
Mafuta amine kwenikweni ndi maziko achilengedwe. Sali ndi mphamvu mu njira zopanda mphamvu, alibe mphamvu ya cationic surface panthawiyi, ndipo amakhala ndi lipophilic pamene pH ili yoposa 7. Mchere wa amine wachitatu womwe umapezeka mwa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma inorganic acid kapena organic acids uli ndi kusungunuka kokwanira ndipo umadziwika bwino ngati ma cationic surfactants ogwira ntchito. Mchere wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri umasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi kuposa mchere wa inorganic. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu detergent ndi cleanser formulations.
Ma cation a mchere wa ammonium omwe si a quaternary amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH, ma ion ambiri, ndi ma electrolyte. Ma amini a ethoxylated, omwe amapangidwa ndi ethoxylation ya ma amini amafuta, ndi ma surfactants omwe angagwirizane ndi ma surfactants a cationic pambuyo pa kusintha kwa pH ndipo amakhala ndi detergent yabwino. Pamene ma amini amafuta achotsedwa ndi salicylic acid kapenaα-chlorobenzoic acid, ntchito yawo yowononga ma fungal ikhoza kukulitsidwa. Ma quaternary ammonium compounds pakati pa mafuta amines ndi mtundu wa cationic surfactants womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mchere wa ammonium wa Quaternary uli ndi kukhazikika bwino mu acidic kapena alkaline media (osakwana 100°C). Kusungunuka kwa mchere wa quaternary ammonium kumagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wa alkyl; unyolo ukakhala wautali, kusungunuka kwa madzi kumachepa. Mchere wa C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts sumasungunuka bwino m'madzi, sumasungunuka m'madzi osungunuka, komanso sumasungunuka m'madzi osungunuka. Mchere wa Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts sumasungunuka m'madzi osungunuka ndipo sumasungunuka m'madzi.
Ntchito yapadera ya mchere wa quaternary ammonium ili mu kuyamwa kwawo pamalo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa komanso mphamvu zake zopha mabakiteriya komanso zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti kuphatikiza ndi ma surfactants a anionic, ma oxides, ma peroxides, ma silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, mapuloteni, ndi ma polima ena nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa mphamvu zawo zopha mabakiteriya kapena kuyambitsa matope.
Kusungunuka kwa mchere wa alkyl quaternary ammonium kumakhudzana ndi magulu okonda madzi; magulu okonda madzi ambiri, kusungunuka kwa madzi kumakhala bwino. Gawo la 5% la isopropanol kapena yankho la madzi la 10% lili ndi pH ya 6-9. Ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala, kukana kuwala, kutentha, ma asidi amphamvu, ndi ma alkali amphamvu, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zotha kulowa, mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, zotsatira za mabakiteriya (ndi C12-C16 yogwira ntchito kwambiri), komanso kuletsa dzimbiri bwino. Mchere wa alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium uli ndi magulu awiri a alkyl atali ngati magulu okonda madzi, omwe amasonyeza kufewa bwino, mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, mphamvu zina zotsutsana ndi kutentha, komanso mphamvu zabwino zonyowetsa ndi kusakaniza. Sizikwiyitsa kwambiri kuposa mchere wa alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium, zimasonyeza mphamvu za cationic pansi pa ma acid ofooka, ndipo zimapanga mankhwala osakhala a ionic pansi pa mikhalidwe yopanda tsankho komanso ya alkaline.
2. Alkyl imidazoline mchere
Alkyl imidazoline ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa mafuta acids ndi ethylenediamines zomwe zimalowetsedwa m'malo mwake. Amide ethylamine imapangidwa ndi kutentha (nthawi zambiri pa 220 ~ 240).℃) imasandulika kukhala alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline ndi organic monocyclic tertiary amine ndipo ndi maziko amphamvu apakatikati. Ndi cationic surfactant yachizolowezi yomwe imatha kumizidwa mwamphamvu pamalo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyipa, monga tsitsi, khungu, mano, galasi, mapepala, ulusi, zitsulo, ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi silicon. Mchere wopangidwa ndi ma acid osungunuka m'madzi nthawi zambiri umapanga ma gels okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Ma acetates, nicotinate, phosphates, ndi sulfates amasungunuka m'madzi, pomwe mchere wawo wautali wamafuta acid umasungunuka m'mafuta. Umakhala ndi kukhazikika bwino kosungirako pansi pa mikhalidwe yolimba chinyezi, koma makhiristo amatha kugwa pambuyo posungidwa kapena kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo otentha pang'ono, ndipo amatha kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wofanana akatenthedwa ndikusunthidwa. Kukhudzana ndi madzi kapena chinyezi pang'onopang'ono kumayambitsa hydrolysis, kusintha ntchito zake. Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale kutentha kukakwera kufika pa 165℃, sizingakhudze kukhazikika kwake, koma mtundu wake udzasintha. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti popeza alkyl imidazoline ndi maziko olimba apakati, imakwiyitsa kwambiri khungu ndi maso, pomwe mchere wa alkyl imidazoline umachepetsa kwambiri kukwiya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-25-2026