Ubale Pakati pa Kapangidwe ndi Kufalikira kwa Ma Surfactants

Machitidwe ogawa madzi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kapangidwe ka surfactant ndi kufalikira kwake. Monga tinthu tolimba tomwe timalowa m'madzi, amatha kunyamula magulu a hydrophobic a ma surfactants. Pankhani ya ma surfactants a anionic, magulu a hydrophilic omwe akuyang'ana kunja amatsutsana chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zofanana. N'zoonekeratu kuti mphamvu ya ma surfactants imawonjezeka ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wa hydrophobic, motero ma surfactants omwe ali ndi unyolo wautali wa kaboni amabalalika bwino kuposa omwe ali ndi unyolo wamfupi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya madzi ya ma surfactants kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwawo m'madzi, motero kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwawo pamwamba pa tinthu. Izi zimaonekera kwambiri pamene mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa surfactant ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ili yofooka. Mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera makina ogawa utoto wamadzi, ma lignosulfonate dispersants okhala ndi sulfonate wambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga utoto wolimba wa hydrophobic kuti apange makina ogawa omwe ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito dispersant yomweyi ku utoto wa hydrophilic kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kosasunthika; mosiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito lignosulfonate dispersants yokhala ndi sulfonation yochepa kumabweretsa kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti ma dispersants okhala ndi sulfonate wambiri amakhala ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuchoka mosavuta pamwamba pa utoto wa hydrophilic, komwe kuyanjana koyambirira kuli kofooka kale, motero kuchepetsa kufalikira.

Ngati tinthu tomwe tabalalika tokha tili ndi magetsi ndipo surfactant yokhala ndi magetsi otsutsana yasankhidwa, kuyandama kungachitike ma charge pa tinthu timeneti tisanathe kusungunuka. Pambuyo poti gawo lachiwiri la surfactant litalowetsedwa pa tinthu tomwe tafalitsidwa ndi magetsi, kufalikira kokhazikika kungatheke. Ngati surfactant yokhala ndi magetsi ofanana yasankhidwa, kuyandama kwa surfactant pa tinthuti kumakhala kovuta; mofananamo, kuyandama kokwanira kuti kukhazikitse kufalikira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali kuchuluka kwakukulu. Mwachizolowezi, ma ionic dispersants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magulu angapo a ionic omwe amagawidwa.Magulu awo osagwirizana ndi madzi amakhala ndi unyolo wa hydrocarbon wosakhutitsidwa wokhala ndi magulu a polar monga mphete za aromatic kapena ma ether bond.

Pa ma surfactants a polyoxyethylene nonionic, ma polyoxyethylene osungunuka kwambiri amalowa m'madzi mu mawonekedwe opindika, ndikupanga chotchinga cholimba cholimbana ndi kusonkhana kwa tinthu tolimba. Pakadali pano, ma unyolo okhuthala, okhala ndi magawo ambiri a oxyethylene osungunuka kwambiri amachepetsa mphamvu za van der Waals pakati pa tinthu tolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotulutsa bwino kwambiri. Ma block copolymers a propylene oxide ndi ethylene oxide ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotulutsa. Ma unyolo awo ataliatali a polyoxyethylene amathandizira kusungunuka m'madzi, pomwe magulu awo otalikirapo a polypropylene oxide hydrophobic amalimbikitsa kulowetsedwa kwamphamvu pa tinthu tolimba; chifukwa chake, ma copolymers okhala ndi unyolo wautali wa zigawo zonse ziwiri ndi abwino kwambiri ngati zotulutsa.

Pamene ma ionic ndi nonionic surfactants aphatikizidwa, dongosolo losakanikirana silimangothandiza mamolekyu kuti alowe mu gawo lamadzi, ndikupanga chotchinga cha steric chomwe chimaletsa kusonkhana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso chimawonjezera mphamvu ya filimu yolumikizana pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba. Chifukwa chake, pa dongosolo losakanikirana, bola ngati kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa ma surfactants mu gawo lamadzi sikuletsa kwambiri kuyamwa kwawo pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, dispersant yokhala ndi maunyolo ataliatali a hydrophobic idzawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri omwazikira.