Kodi ma biosurfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji mu engineering ya chilengedwe?

Zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi mankhwala zimawononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kusawonongeka kwawo, kawopsedwe, komanso chizolowezi chochulukana m'chilengedwe. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zamoyo zimene zimawononga chilengedwe—zimene zimadziŵika kuti n’zosavuta kuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zosawononga zinthu zachilengedwe—ndizoyenera kwambiri kuwongolera kuwononga chilengedwe mu uinjiniya wa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kukhala ngati osonkhanitsa oyandama m'machitidwe amadzi otayira, kutsatsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta colloidal kuti achotse ayoni azitsulo zapoizoni, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo owongolera omwe ali ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic ndi zitsulo zolemera.

1. Ntchito mu Njira Zoyeretsera Madzi a Waste.

Pothira madzi otayira mwachilengedwe, ma ayoni a heavy metal nthawi zambiri amalepheretsa kapena kupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mumatope omwe atsegulidwa. Chifukwa chake, kusamala ndikofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe pothira madzi otayira okhala ndi ayoni azitsulo zolemera. Pakali pano, njira ya hydroxide precipitation imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ayoni azitsulo zolemera m'madzi otayira, koma mvula yake imakhala yochepa chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa ma hydroxides, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Komano, njira zoyandama zimakhala zoletsedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zotengera zoyandama (mwachitsanzo, sodium dodecyl sulfate yopangidwa ndi mankhwala) yomwe imakhala yovuta kuipitsa m'magawo otsatirawa, zomwe zimatsogolera kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kupanga njira zina zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka mosavuta komanso zosawononga chilengedwe—ndiponso zida za biologically zomwe zili ndi zabwino izi.

2. Mapulogalamu mu Bioremediation.

Pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwononge zinthu zowononga zachilengedwe komanso kukonza malo oipitsidwa, ma biological surfactants amapereka mwayi waukulu wokonzanso malo oipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kuchokera ku fermentation broths, kuchotsa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupatukana kwa surfactant, kuchotsa, ndi kuyeretsa kwazinthu.

2.1 Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwonongeka kwa Alkanes.

Alkanes ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za petroleum. Panthawi yofufuza mafuta, kuchotsa, kuyendetsa, kukonza, ndi kusungirako, mafuta osapeŵeka otuluka amawononga nthaka ndi madzi apansi. Kuti mupititse patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa alkane, kuwonjezera zowonjezera zachilengedwe kungapangitse hydrophilicity ndi biodegradability ya mankhwala a hydrophobic, kuchulukitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo potero kumapangitsa kuti ma alkanes aziwonongeka.

2.2 Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwonongeka kwa Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)pa

Ma PAH apeza chidwi chowonjezereka chifukwa cha "zotsatira zitatu za carcinogenic" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic). Mayiko ambiri amaziika m’gulu la zinthu zoipitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira yoyamba yochotsera ma PAH ku chilengedwe, ndipo kuwonongeka kwawo kumachepa pamene chiwerengero cha mphete za benzene chikuwonjezeka: PAHs okhala ndi mphete zitatu kapena zochepa amawonongeka mosavuta, pamene omwe ali ndi mphete zinayi kapena kuposerapo amakhala ovuta kwambiri kusweka.

2.3 Kuchotsa Zitsulo Zapoizoni.

Kuipitsidwa kwa zitsulo zolemera zapoizoni m'nthaka kumadziwika ndi kubisika, kukhazikika, komanso kusasinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza nthaka yoipitsidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri kukhala kafukufuku wakale wamaphunziro. Njira zamakono zochotsera zitsulo zolemera m'nthaka zikuphatikizapo vitrification, immobilization / stabilization, ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Ngakhale kuti vitrification ndi yotheka mwaukadaulo, imaphatikizapo ntchito yayikulu yaumisiri komanso kukwera mtengo. Njira za immobilization ndi zosinthika, zomwe zimafunikira kuwunika kosalekeza kwa chithandizo chamankhwala pambuyo polemba. Chithandizo chotenthetsera ndi choyenera pazitsulo zolemetsa (monga mercury). Zotsatira zake, njira zotsika mtengo zochizira zamoyo zakhala zikukula mwachangu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda poizoni kuti athetse dothi loipitsidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera.