Panthawi yopanga mafakitale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zonyansa, monga kuphika, zotsalira zamafuta, sikelo, matope, ndi ma depositi owononga, amaunjikana mu zida ndi mapaipi azinthu zopangira. Madipozitiwa nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kulephera kwa zida ndi mapaipi, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zochitika zachitetezo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula mwachangu kwa mafakitale opangira zinthu zatsopano, zosokoneza zamakampani zakhala zikuwonekera mosalekeza, ndipo mamolekyu ake ayamba kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zomangira ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa zonyansa zamafakitale ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera nthawi zambiri zimadalira mtundu wa zonyansa komanso kapangidwe kake komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wazinthu zomwe zimatsukidwa. Chifukwa cha zofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, pakufunika kufunikira kwa biodegradability komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wamankhwala, zomwe zimadzetsa zovuta zatsopano paukadaulo woyeretsa mankhwala.
Chemical kuyeretsa ndi ukadaulo wathunthu womwe umaphatikizapo kuphunzira za mapangidwe oyipa ndi katundu, kusankha ndi kupanga zinthu zoyeretsera ndi zowonjezera, kusankha kwa corrosion inhibitors, njira zoyeretsera, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeretsera, ukadaulo wowunika pakuyeretsa, ndikuthira madzi oyipa, pakati pa ena. Mwa izi, kusankhidwa kwa oyeretsa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ntchito yoyeretsa ikuyenda bwino, chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji kuyeretsa, kutsika, kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri, komanso phindu lazachuma la zida.
Zida zoyeretsera zimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu: zoyeretsera zoyambira, zoletsa corrosion, ndi zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo a mamolekyu, omwe ali ndi magulu onse a hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amatenga nawo gawo pakutsatsa, kulowa, emulsification, kusungunuka, ndi kutsuka pakuyeretsa mankhwala. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira koma amawonedwanso kuti ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, makamaka m'njira monga kuyeretsa asidi, kuyeretsa kwa alkaline, kuletsa dzimbiri, kutulutsa mafuta, ndi kutseketsa, komwe akuwonetsa kwambiri mphamvu zawo.
Choyambirira choyeretsa, ma corrosion inhibitors, ndi ma surfactants ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu za njira zoyeretsera mankhwala. Mapangidwe apadera a mankhwala a surfactants amatsimikizira kuti, akasungunuka mu njira yamadzimadzi, amachepetsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwa yankho, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu yake yonyowa. Makamaka pamene ndende ya surfactants mu yankho afika yovuta micelle ndende (CMC), kusintha koonekeratu kumachitika pa kugwedezeka pamwamba pa yankho, kuthamanga osmotic, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, ndi kuwala katundu.
The kunyowetsa, kulowa, dispersing, emulsifying, ndi solubilizing zotsatira za surfactants mu mankhwala kuyeretsa njira kukwaniritsa kawiri zotsatira ndi theka khama. Mwachidule, ma surfactants mu kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala amagwira ntchito ziwiri: choyamba, amathandizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowononga zomwe sizisungunuka bwino kudzera mu micelles yosungunuka, yotchedwa solubilization effect; chachiwiri, chifukwa cha magulu awo amphiphilic, surfactants adsorb kapena kudziunjikira pa mawonekedwe pakati mafuta ndi madzi magawo, kuchepetsa interfacial mavuto.
Posankha ma surfactants, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku katundu wa oyeretsa, zoletsa corrosion, ndi surfactants, komanso kugwirizana kwa machitidwe awo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2025