Kodi ma surfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pagawo lamafuta?

Kutengera njira yamagulu amafuta akumunda wamafuta, ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumunda wamafuta amatha kugawidwa m'magulu obowola, opangira zinthu, owonjezera obwezeretsa mafuta, osonkhanitsa mafuta ndi gasi / zoyendetsa, komanso opangira madzi.

 

Drilling Surfactantsku

 

Pakati pa mafuta opangira mafuta, zobowola (kuphatikiza zowonjezera zamadzimadzi ndi zomangira simenti) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - pafupifupi 60% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira mafuta. Zida zopangira zinthu, ngakhale ndizocheperako pang'ono, ndizotsogola kwambiri paukadaulo, zomwe zimapanga gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu a onse. Magulu awiriwa ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta.

Ku China, kafukufuku amayang'ana mbali ziwiri zazikulu: kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachikhalidwe ndikupanga ma polima opangidwa (kuphatikiza ma monomers). Padziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku wowonjezera wamadzimadzi obowola ndiwapadera kwambiri, ndikugogomezera ma polima opangidwa ndi gulu la sulfonic acid monga maziko azinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti mtsogolo zisinthe. Kupambana kwapangidwa mu zochepetsera ma viscosity, zowongolera kutaya kwamadzimadzi, ndi mafuta opangira mafuta. Makamaka, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ma polymeric alcohol surfactants okhala ndi mtambo wamtambo atengedwa kwambiri m'malo opangira mafuta apanyumba, kupanga ma polima angapo amadzimadzi obowola mowa. Kuphatikiza apo, methyl glucoside ndi madzi obowola opangidwa ndi glycerin awonetsa zotsatira zabwino zantchito, zomwe zikupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa zida zoboola. Pakadali pano, zowonjezera zamadzimadzi zaku China zikuphatikiza magulu 18 okhala ndi mitundu yopitilira chikwi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka zikuyandikira matani 300,000.

 

Production Surfactantsku

 

Poyerekeza ndi ma surfactants obowola, zopangira zopangira ndi zocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwake, makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga acidizing ndi kupasuka. Popanga ma fracturing surfactants, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ma gelling amayang'ana kwambiri pazitsamba zachilengedwe zosinthidwa ndi cellulose, pamodzi ndi ma polima opangidwa ngati polyacrylamide. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupita patsogolo kwapadziko lonse pakupanga zinthu zamadzimadzi kwakhala kwapang'onopang'ono, ndikugogomezera kwa R&D kukupita patsogolo.corrosion inhibitorskwa acidizing. Ma inhibitorswa amapangidwa posintha kapena kuphatikiza zida zomwe zilipo kale, ndi cholinga chimodzi chowonetsetsa kuti kutsika kapena kusakhala ndi poizoni komanso kusungunuka kwamafuta / madzi kapena kupezeka kwamadzi. Ma amine-based, quaternary ammonium, ndi alkyne alcohol blended inhibitors ndizofala, pomwe zoletsa za aldehyde zatsika chifukwa cha nkhawa za kawopsedwe. Zatsopano zina ndi monga dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes okhala ndi ma amines olemera kwambiri (monga ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), ndi emulsifiers ya acid-in-oil. Ku China, kafukufuku wokhudza zinthu zopangira madzi ophwanyika ndi acidizing watsalira, ndipo kupita patsogolo kochepa kupitilira corrosion inhibitors. Pakati pa zinthu zomwe zilipo, mankhwala opangidwa ndi amine (oyambirira, achiwiri, apamwamba, apamwamba, kapena a quaternary amides ndi osakanikirana) amalamulira, otsatiridwa ndi zotumphukira za imidazoline monga gulu lina lalikulu la organic corrosion inhibitors.

 

Mafuta ndi Gasi Kusonkhanitsa/Zoyendera Zoyenderaku

 

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zopangira mafuta ndi gasi kusonkhanitsa/zoyendera ku China kudayamba mu 1960s. Masiku ano, pali magulu 14 okhala ndi mazana azinthu. Mafuta ochotsera mafuta osafunikira ndi omwe amadyedwa kwambiri, ndipo amafunikira matani pafupifupi 20,000 pachaka. China yapanga zopangira zopangira mafuta m'malo osiyanasiyana amafuta, ambiri omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ya 1990s. Komabe, kuthira mankhwala opondereza, owongolera madzi, zochepetsera kukhuthala, ndi zochotsa sera/zopewera zimakhalabe zochepa, makamaka kukhala zosakaniza. Zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamafuta osakanizika osiyanasiyana amafuta awa zimadzetsa zovuta komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwazinthu zatsopano.

 

Oilfield Water Treatment Surfactantsku

 

Mankhwala ochizira madzi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa malo opangira mafuta, omwe amamwa chaka chilichonse kuposa matani 60,000 - pafupifupi 40% mwa omwe amakhala opitilira muyeso. Ngakhale pali kufunikira kokulirapo, kafukufuku wokhudza oyeretsa madzi ku China ndiwosakwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwazinthu sikukwanira. Zogulitsa zambiri zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku madzi opangira madzi a mafakitale, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zamadzi opangira mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kosauka, nthawi zina kumalephera kupereka zotsatira zomwe zimayembekezeredwa. Padziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko cha flocculant ndi malo omwe akugwira ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kwa madzi oyeretsera madzi, kutulutsa zinthu zambiri, ngakhale zochepa zimapangidwira kuti ziyeretsedwe m'madzi onyansa.