Kodi mukudziwa chiyani za ma polymer surfactants

1. Mfundo Zoyambira za Polymer Surfactants

Ma polymer surfactants amatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu kufika pamlingo winawake (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 103 mpaka 106) ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamwamba. Mwa kapangidwe kake, zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu a block copolymers, graft copolymers, ndi zina. Kutengera mtundu wa ionic, ma polymer surfactants amagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, ndi nonionic. Malinga ndi komwe adachokera, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a natural polymer surfactants, modified natural polymer surfactants, ndi synthetic polymer surfactants.

Poyerekeza ndi ma surfactants otsika mamolekyulu, makhalidwe akuluakulu a ma surfactants a polima ndi awa:

(1) Ali ndi mphamvu yofooka yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa pamwamba ndi pakati pa nkhope, ndipo ambiri sapanga micelles;

(2) Ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yolowera ikhale yofooka;

(3) Amasonyeza kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa thovu, koma thovu lomwe amapanga ndi lokhazikika;

(4) Amasonyeza mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yopangira emulsifying;

(5) Ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri obalalitsa ndi ogwirizana;

(6) Ma polymer surfactants ambiri ndi oopsa pang'ono.

2. Kapangidwe ka Ntchito ka Polymer Surfactants

·Kupsinjika kwa pamwamba

Chifukwa cha khalidwe la kayendedwe ka magawo a hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic a ma polymer surfactants pamalo kapena malo olumikizirana, ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa pamwamba ndi pakati pa nkhope, ngakhale kuti luso limeneli nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika poyerekeza ndi la ma surfactants otsika kulemera kwa mamolekyulu.

Mphamvu ya ma polymer surfactants yochepetsera mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi yofooka kuposa ya ma polymer surfactants otsika kulemera, ndipo ntchito yawo pamwamba imachepa kwambiri pamene kulemera kwa mamolekyu kumawonjezeka.

· Kusakaniza ndi Kufalitsa

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu, ma polymer surfactants ambiri amatha kupanga ma micelles mkati mwa gawo logawanika ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa micelle kofunikira (CMC), motero kukwaniritsa ntchito zopanga emulsifying. Kapangidwe kawo ka amphiphilic kamalola gawo limodzi la molekyulu kuti lizimira pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono pomwe gawo lina limasungunuka mu gawo lopitilira (gawo logawanitsa). Pamene kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a polymer sikuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumawonetsa zotsatira zopinga za steric, ndikupanga zotchinga pamwamba pa madontho a monomer kapena tinthu ta polymer kuti tipewe kusonkhana kwawo ndi kuphatikizika kwawo.

·Kutsekeka kwa magazi

Pamene ma polymer surfactants ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu, amatha kuyamwa tinthu tambirimbiri, kupanga maulalo pakati pawo ndikupanga ma floc, motero amagwira ntchito ngati ma flocculant.

·Ntchito Zina

Ma polymer surfactants ambiri sapanga thovu lamphamvu, koma amatha kuwonongaAmaletsa kusunga madzi mwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa thovu. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu, alinso ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zopangira filimu komanso zomatira.

· Khalidwe la Mayankho

Khalidwe la ma polymer surfactants mu zinthu zosungunulira zosankhidwa: Ma polymer surfactants ambiri ndi amphiphilic block kapena graft copolymers. Mu zinthu zosungunulira zosankhidwa, khalidwe lawo la yankho ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa la mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kapena ma homopolymers. Zinthu monga kapangidwe ka mamolekyu, kutalika kwa magawo a amphiphilic, kapangidwe kake, ndi katundu wa zosungunulira zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe awo a yankho. Monga ma surfactants otsika-molecular-weight, ma polima amphiphilic amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba mwa kukumba magulu a hydrophobic pamwamba pomwe nthawi yomweyo amapanga micelles mkati mwa yankho.