Mukudziwa chiyani za polymer surfactants

1. Mfundo Zazikulu za Polima Surfactants

Ma polymer surfactants amatanthawuza zinthu zolemera mamolekyu kufika pamlingo wina (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 103 mpaka 106) komanso kukhala ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito pamwamba. Mwadongosolo, amatha kugawidwa mu block copolymers, graft copolymers, ndi ena. Kutengera mtundu wa ionic, ma polymer surfactants amagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, ndi nonionic. Malinga ndi komwe adachokera, amatha kugawidwa ngati ma polima achilengedwe achilengedwe, osinthidwa ma polima achilengedwe, komanso opanga ma polima opangira ma polima.

Poyerekeza ndi ma surfactants ang'onoang'ono olemera kwambiri, mikhalidwe yayikulu yama polymer surfactants ndi:

(1) Ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako yochepetsera kukangana kwapamtunda ndi pakati, ndipo ambiri sapanga micelles;

(2) Amakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asalowe mphamvu;

(3) Amasonyeza kusakhoza kuchita thovu, koma thovu zomwe amapanga zimakhala zokhazikika;

(4) Amasonyeza mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zokometsera;

(5) Ali ndi katundu wodziwika bwino wobalalitsa ndi wogwirizana;

(6) Ma polymer surfactants ambiri amakhala ndi kawopsedwe kochepa.

2. Katundu Wogwira Ntchito wa Polymer Surfactants

·Kuvuta Kwambiri Pamwamba

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a magawo a hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic a polymer surfactants pamalo kapena pamalo olumikizirana, amatha kuchepetsa kusamvana kwapamtunda komanso kwapakati, ngakhale kuti lusoli nthawi zambiri limakhala locheperako poyerekeza ndi laotsika otsika mamolekyulu.

Kuthekera kwa ma polymer surfactants kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwapamtunda ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi ma surfactants ocheperako, ndipo ntchito yawo yapamtunda imachepa kwambiri pamene kulemera kwa maselo kumawonjezeka.

· Emulsification ndi kubalalitsidwa

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo, ambiri opanga ma polima amatha kupanga ma micelles mkati mwa gawo lobalalika ndikuwonetsa ndende yovuta ya micelle (CMC), potero amakwaniritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa. Mapangidwe awo amphiphilic amalola gawo limodzi la molekyulu kutsatsa pa tinthu tating'ono pomwe gawo lina limasungunuka mu gawo lopitilira (kufalikira kwa sing'anga). Pamene polima a maselo kulemera si mopambanitsa mkulu, izo amaonetsa wosabala cholepheretsa zotsatira, kupanga zotchinga pamwamba pa monomer m'malovu kapena polima particles kuteteza awo aggregation ndi coalescence.

· Coagulation

Pamene ma polymer surfactants ali ndi zolemera kwambiri zamamolekyulu, amatha kuyitanitsa tinthu tambirimbiri, kupanga milatho pakati pawo ndikupanga ma flocs, motero amakhala ngati ma flocculants.

·Ntchito Zina

Ma polymer surfactants ambiri samatulutsa thovu lamphamvu, koma amatulukakuletsa kusungirako madzi mwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa thovu. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kwa maselo, amakhalanso ndi mafilimu apamwamba kwambiri komanso zomatira.

·Makhalidwe Oyankhira

Makhalidwe a ma polima surfactants posankha zosungunulira: Ambiri ma polima surfactants ndi amphiphilic block kapena graft copolymers. Muzosungunulira zosankhidwa, machitidwe awo amayankhidwe ndi ovuta kuposa a mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kapena ma homopolymers. Zinthu monga mawonekedwe a mamolekyu, kutalika kwa chiŵerengero cha zigawo za amphiphilic, kapangidwe kake, ndi zosungunulira zimakhudza kwambiri kalembedwe kawo. Monga ma surfactants otsika kwambiri, ma polima a amphiphilic amachepetsa kupsinjika kwapamtunda potsatsa magulu a hydrophobic pamtunda pomwe nthawi imodzi amapanga micelles mkati mwa yankho.