Ingaruka zo kurwanya static z'ibinyabutabire

Itsindaubwishingizi Ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire ni umutungo w'ibanze uha ibikoresho byabyo akamaro kanini. Bigira uruhare mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'ingo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Byongeye kandi, birushaho gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye no mu bwoko bwose bw'umusaruro w'inganda.

Ingaruka zo kurwanya static z'ibinyabutabire

Fibre, pulasitiki, n'ibindi bicuruzwa akenshi bitanga amashanyarazi adahinduka bitewe no gukururana, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa byabo. Urugero, niba imyenda ya fibre ifite amashanyarazi adahinduka, akenshi igira ingorane nko "gufata ku mubiri" cyangwa "gufatana bidahinduka", ndetse no kuba ishobora kwinjiza ivumbi cyangwa kwandura. Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi adahinduka ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki ni nyinshi kurushaho. Ntabwo bikurura ivumbi byoroshye gusa, bigira ingaruka ku mucyo wabyo, isuku y'ubuso n'isura, ahubwo binagabanya ikoreshwa n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo cy’amashanyarazi adahindagurika gikureho, uburyo bwa surfactant antistatic bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Bene surfactants bitwaantistatic abakozi.

1. Ibintu bikoresha amashanyarazi n'impamvu zabyo

Nubwo hari itandukaniro mu bisubizo byabonetse n'abashakashatsi batandukanye ku bijyanye n'uburyo amashanyarazi ya fibre akurikirana, fibre zifite imigozi ya amide nk'ubwoya, nylon, n'ubwoya bw'ubukorano zikunze kuba zifite umuriro mwiza.

Imiterere isanzwe y’amashanyarazi y’ibintu, kuva kuri byiza kugeza kuri negative, ni iyi ikurikira: (+) Polyurethane – Umusatsi – Nayiloni – Ubwoya – Silika – Fibre ya Viscose – Ipamba – Rubber ikomeye – Fibre ya Acetate – Vinyoni – Polypropylene – Polyester – Polyacrylonitrile – Polyvinyl Chloride – Vinyl Chloride – Acrylonitrile Copolymer – Polyethylene – Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Nubwo impamvu yo gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika itarasobanuka neza, muri rusange bikekwa ko iyo ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibintu buhurirana, imbaraga zigenda zivuka hagati y’ibintu byasibwe, bityo bigatanga amashanyarazi adahindagurika. Ubwoko bw’imbaraga ikintu gifite bushobora kugenwa n’inyungu cyangwa igihombo cya electron. Iyo ikintu gitakaje electron, kiba gifite ingufu nziza; iyo kibonye electron, kiba gifite ingufu mbi.

1. Umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka:

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri: Kubera ko ingano y'amashanyarazi adahinduka iterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri nko guhindura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, no gusohora korona bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka ku buso bw'ibintu.

Uburyo bwa shimi bwo hejuru: Ni ukuvuga gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, izwi kandi nka antistatic agents, kugira ngo ikore isuku ku buso bw'imigozi n'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki cyangwa kubivanga muri pulasitiki kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahindagurika.

2.I. Ibintu birwanya imiyoboro

Amategeko arwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere agomba kuba yujuje:

(1) Ntugahindure uburyo umugozi ugaragara mu ntoki;

(2) Ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya static, dose nto, kandi igakomeza kugira akamaro mu bushyuhe buri hasi;

(3) Ihuza neza n'imigozi ya resin;

(4) Ihuza neza n'ibindi binyobwa bivangwa n'inyongera;

(5) Nta kintu na kimwe kivamo ifuro kandi nta n'ibizinga by'amazi;

(6) Ntibihumanya kandi ntibingiza uruhu;

(7) Ishobora kugumana umutekano mwiza.

2.2. Ubwoko bw'ibintu birwanya static

Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibintu birwanya static bikoreshwa mu migozi ni cationic na amphoteric ionic surfactants.

2.3. Uburyo bw'imikorere y'ibintu birwanya static

Uburyo bwo kurwanya static bw'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa muri fibre antistatic bugaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri: gukumira gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika iyo ubuso bw'imyenda ya fibre busutsweho ndetse no gushonga kw'amashanyarazi yo hejuru. Kubuza frictional electrification bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere ya surfactants; mu gihe gushonga kw'amashanyarazi yo hejuru bifitanye isano n'ingano y'amazi akoreshwa hamwe n'uburyo hygroscopicity ya surfactants ku myenda ya fibre.

Ibikoresho bya Cationic ishobora kwinjira byoroshye ku buso bw'imigozi ifite amashanyarazi mabi binyuze mu bushobozi bwayo bwite.

①Ishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo hejuru z'umugozi;

②Kubera ko cationic surfactants zinjira ku buso bwa fibre hamwe na quaternary ammonium irons zifite ingufu nziza, kandi iminyururu ya hydrocarbon ireba inyuma, igakora filime ijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuzana imyuka igizwe n'iminyururu ya hydrocarbon ku buso bwa fibre. Iyi filime izana imyuka ishobora kugabanya neza imbaraga zo kuzana imyuka ikora ku buso bwa fibre mu gihe cyo kuzana imyuka ikora ityo, bityo igatuma amashanyarazi agabanuka.

Ku bijyanye n'imigozi ya sintetike ifite polarity nkeya kandi ifite hydrophobicity ikomeye, cationic surfactants zinjira ku buso bwa fibre binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals hamwe n'iminyururu yazo ya hydrophobique hydrocarbon, mu gihe amatsinda ya quaternary ammonium yo mu kirere areba inyuma, agatwikira buso bwa fibre n'amatsinda ya hydrophilic polar. Ibi ntibyongera gusa imikorere y'ubuso bwa fibre ahubwo binakongera ubushuhe bw'ubuso bwayo, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi adahinduka aturuka ku gukururana kandi bikagira uruhare mu kurwanya static.

Ingano y’umunyungugu wa dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ku buso bw’iminyungugu karemano iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’iminyungugu ya sintetike. Ibi bigaragaza ko ifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya iminyungugu karemano.

Kimwe n’ibinyabutabire bya cationic, ibinyabutabire bya amphoteric ionic bifite charge nziza kandi bishobora no kwinjirira ku buso bw’imigozi yangiritse kugira ngo bihagarike charge zitajegajega. Amatsinda yabyo ya hydrophobic na yo agira ingaruka zo kugabanya friction. Byongeye kandi, ugereranije na cationic surfactants, bifite itsinda ryinshi rya anionic mu miterere yabyo ya molekile, bityo bishobora kongera ubushuhe no gukwirakwiza charge. Kubwibyo, ibinyabutabire bya amphoteric ionic ni agents zirwanya static zifite imikorere myiza, ariko igiciro cyazo kiri hejuru cyane.

Ingufu zikora nk'iy'amoniki n'izitari iy'amoniki zigira ingaruka mbi ku miterere ya static bitewe nuko ingano yazo nto yo kuzura ku buso bwa fibre. Ingano yo kuzura kwa surfactants zitari iy'amoniki ni nyinshi kurusha iz'amoniki kuko zidafatwa n'imbaraga z'ubuso bwa fibre, ariko ingaruka zazo ku gukwirakwira kwa static ni nke, bityo ubushobozi bwazo bwo kuzura ni bubi cyane kurusha ubw'ingufu zikora nk'iy'amoniki na amphoteric.

1. Umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere wa pulasitiki

Uburyo imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere (antistatic agents) muri pulasitiki: Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere (surfactants) ikwirakwira ku buso bwa pulasitiki binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals hamwe n’imiyoboro yayo ya hydrocarbon iterwa n’amazi, mu gihe amatsinda yayo yo mu kirere azamuka, agakora filime ihuza imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere (asurfactants) ku buso bwa pulasitiki. Iyi filime itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, bigatuma ingufu zihoraho zishira neza. Muri icyo gihe, filime ifasha mu gukora ibintu bigabanya ubwinshi bw’ibintu bihindagurika ku buso bwa pulasitiki.

Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire ya pulasitiki bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa surfactant muri ibi bikurikira:

(1) Ubwoko bwa Aniyoki;

(2) Ubwoko bwa Cationic;

(3) Ubwoko bwa iyoni ya amphoterike;

(4) Ubwoko butari ioni.

Imiti irwanya indwara ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa:

(1) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bitwikiriwe n’ubuso;

(2) Ibintu birwanya static nk'ibivanze.