Umutungo wo kumesa waibintu bikoresha surfactantsni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gituma ibikoresho bya surfactants bikoreshwa cyane mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'ingo ibihumbi kandi birushaho gukoreshwa mu ngeri zose z'ubuzima ndetse no mu nganda zitandukanye.
Ingaruka zo kurwanya staticby'ibikoresho bya surfactants
Fibre, pulasitiki n'ibindi bicuruzwa akenshi bitanga amashanyarazi adahinduka bitewe no gukururana, ibyo bigatuma imikorere yabyo igabanuka. Urugero, imyenda ya fibre ifite ingufu zidahinduka ikunze kugira ibibazo nko gufata ku mubiri, gufata neza, no kumenyera gukurura ivumbi no kwandura. Ingaruka mbi z'amashanyarazi adahinduka ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki zirushaho kuba mbi. Ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bifite ingufu zidahinduka ntibikunda guhumeka ivumbi gusa, byangiza ubwiza, isuku yo hejuru n'isura y'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binagabanya imikorere yabyo n'agaciro kabyo.
Kugira ngo haveho ibyo bintu bidahinduka, uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Ubwo buryo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere buzwi nka antistatic agents.
Igice cya 1 Ibintu bidahinduka n'impamvu zabyo
Nubwo hari itandukaniro mu bisubizo by’uruhererekane rw’amashanyarazi y’imigozi yabonetse n’abapimisha batandukanye, imigozi irimo imigozi ya amide nk’ubwoya, nayiloni n’ubwoya bw’ubukorano ikunze kugira imbaraga nziza. Imiterere y’amashanyarazi ya plastiki isanzwe igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 10‑2. Urukurikirane rw'amashanyarazi rw'ibintu bisanzwe kuva kuri byiza kugeza kuri bibi ruri hano hepfo:
(+) Polyurethane–Umusatsi–Nayiloni–Ubwoya–Silika–Fibre ya viscose–Ipamba–Rubber ikomeye–Fibre ya acetate ya selulosi–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Kopolimeri ya vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-).
Uburyo nyabwo bwo gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika ntabwo bwumvikana neza, nyamara hari icyo bemeranyaho ko amashanyarazi adahindagurika aturuka ku ngufu zigendanwa zikorwa hagati y’ibintu iyo ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibintu buhuye. Ubwoko bw’imbaraga ikintu gifite bugenwa n’inyungu cyangwa igihombo cya electron. Ikintu kiba gifite ingufu nziza iyo cyatakaje electron n’imbaraga mbi iyo cyabonye electron.
Igice cya 2 Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka:
(1) Uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri. Kubera ko ubunini bw'amashanyarazi adahinduka buterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri nko guhindura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe n'isohoka rya korona bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka ku buso bw'ibintu.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu ku butaka, ni ukuvuga gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu ku butaka (izwi kandi nk'imiti irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere) kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gutunganya ibintu ku butaka ku bicuruzwa bya fibre na pulasitiki cyangwa kubivanga muri pulasitiki kugira ngo bigerweho mu gukuraho ibintu ku butaka.
1. Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku nsinga
Imiterere isabwa y'ibintu birwanya static:
(1) Ntugahindure uburyo bwo kugaragara kw'imigozi mu ntoki; (2) Ikorana neza na antistatic ifite ingano nto kandi ikora neza ku bushyuhe buke; (3) Ikorana neza na resin fibers; (4) Ikorana neza n'izindi mfashanyigisho; (5) Nta furo rivamo kandi nta ibara ry'amazi rigaragara; (6) Ntirigira uburozi kandi ntirirakaza uruhu; (7) Igumane ituze neza.
Ubwoko bw'ibintu birwanya static
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibintu birwanya static bikoreshwa mu migozi ni cationic na amphoteric surfactants.
Uburyo bw'imikorere y'ibintu birwanya static
Uburyo bwo kurwanya static bw'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu kurwanya static bugaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri: gukumira ko ibintu bidahinduka iyo imyenda ya fibre ihuye n'ibibazo no koroshya ikwirakwira ry'amashanyarazi ku buso. Gukumira strike electron bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere ya surfactants, mu gihe ikwirakwira ry'amashanyarazi ku buso rifitanye isano n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri hamwe n'uburyo hygroscopicity y'ibinyabutabire ku buso.
Ibyuma bitanga umwuka bya Cationic bishobora kwinjira mu buryo bworoshye ku buso bwa fibre ifite amashanyarazi mabi binyuze mu bushobozi bwabyo bwite.
①Bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo hejuru z'imigozi;
②Ibyuma bito bito bikurura ku buso bwa fibre mu cyerekezo aho iyoni za ammonium za quaternary zishaje neza zifatanye n'ubuso bwa fibre hanyuma iminyururu ya hydrocarbon ikava mu mazi ikerekeza hanze, igakora filime ijyanye n'uburyo bwo kunyuzamo amazi igizwe n'iminyururu ya hydrocarbon ku buso bwa fibre. Iyi filime ijyanye n'uburyo bwo kunyuzamo amazi ishobora kugabanya neza uburyo ku buso bwa fibre bitera mu gihe cyo kunyuzamo amazi no kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitera kunyuzamo amazi.
Ku bijyanye n'imigozi ya sintetike ifite polarity nkeya kandi ifite hydrophobicity ikomeye, cationic surfactants zinjira ku buso bwa fibre binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals zikoresheje imiyoboro yazo ya hydrophobique hydrocarbon, mu gihe amatsinda ya quaternary ammonium yo mu kirere areba hanze. Bityo, ubuso bwa fibre butwikiriwe n'amatsinda ya hydrophilic polar, ibyo bikaba binongera gusa imikorere y'ubuso bwa fibre ahubwo binakongera ubushuhe bw'ubuso bwayo, bikoroshya ikwirakwira ry'amashanyarazi adahinduka aturuka ku gukururana no gutanga ingaruka zo kurwanya static.
Ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ku buso bwa fibre karemano buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ubw’imigozi ya sintetike, bigaragaza ko ikora neza cyane ku migozi karemano.
Kimwe n’uturemangingo twa cationic, uturemangingo twa amphoteric dutwara charge nziza kandi dushobora kwinjirira ku buso bwa fibre bufite charge mbi kugira ngo tugabanye charge zitajegajega. Amatsinda yabyo agabanya uburyaryate. Ugereranyije n’uturemangingo twa cationic, uturemangingo twa amphoteric dufite itsinda ryinshi rya anionic mu miterere ya molekile, bigatuma amazi agumana neza kandi agashira neza. Kubwibyo, uturemangingo twa amphoteric ni uturemangingo twinshi turwanya static, nubwo ku giciro kiri hejuru.
Surfactants za Anionic na Nonionic zigaragaza imikorere mibi yo kurwanya static bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo kugabanya static ku buso bwa fibre. Ingano yo kugabanya statics za nonionic ntabwo iterwa n'imbaraga zo hejuru z'imigozi kandi iri hejuru y'iya surfactants za anionic, nyamara zigira ingaruka nke ku gukwirakwira kwa static. Bityo ubushobozi bwazo bwo kurwanya static buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ubwa surfactants za cationic na amphoteric.
2. Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bya Plastiki
Uburyo bwo kurwanya static bw'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa nk'ibinyabutabire bya pulasitiki ni ubu bukurikira: ibinyabutabire byinjira ku buso bwa pulasitiki binyuze mu miyoboro yabyo ya hydrocarbon inyura mu mbaraga za van der Waals, aho amatsinda y'impande zombi azamuka. Agace k'ibinyabutabire gafata icyerekezo cy'ibinyabutabire gakorera ku buso bwa pulasitiki kugira ngo gatange amashanyarazi, bigatuma static charges zishira neza. Hagati aho, agace k'ibinyabutabire gashobora kandi kugabanya uburyaryate ku buso bwa pulasitiki.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibintu birwanya static bya pulasitiki hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa surfactant:
(2) Ubwoko bwa Cationic;
(3) Ubwoko bwa Amphoterike;
(4) Ubwoko bwa Nonionic.
Imiti irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuyikoresha:
(1) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitwikira ubuso;
(2) Iteranya ry’ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 10-2026