Ibitekerezo byo gushushanya imashini zisukura zikoresheje amazi

1 Ibitekerezo byo Gushushanya Imiti Ikoreshwa mu Gusukura Ikoresheje Amazi

1.1 Guhitamo Sisitemu

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura bushingiye ku mazi bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: butagira aho bubogamiye, buvanze n'ubushyuhe.

Imiti isukura idafite aho ihuriye n’isuku ikoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hadakomeye kuri aside na alkali. Uburyo bwo gusukura bukoresha cyane cyane imvange y’ibikoresho byo gusukura n’ibikoreshwa mu gusukura kugira ngo bivaneho umwanda ku buso bw’ibintu.

Gusukura aside muri rusange bikoreshwa mu gukuraho ingese no gukuraho icyuma gipima okiside. Nta bikoresho byinshi bifasha mu gihe hari aside. Gusukura aside ahanini bikoresha uburyo aside n'ingese cyangwa oxide scale ku buso bw'icyuma kugira ngo bikureho umwanda. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bifasha mu gusukura n'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gusya no gukwirakwiza umwanda usukuye kugira ngo bigerweho mu gusukura. Aside zikoreshwa cyane zirimo aside nitrike, aside hidrokloriki, aside sulfuriki, aside phosphoric, aside citric, aside oxalic, aside asetiki, aside methanesulfonike, aside dodecylbenzenesulfonike, aside boric, nibindi. Gusukura alkalini bikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura mu nganda. Kubera ko alkali ubwayo ishobora gusya amavuta y'ibimera kugira ngo ikore ibintu bipima okiside, ikwiriye cyane mu gusukura amabara y'amavuta. Alkali zikoreshwa cyane zirimo NaOH, KOH, sodium carbonate, amazi ya ammonia, alkanolamines, nibindi.

1.2 Guhitamo Imfashanyigisho

Mu isuku y’inganda, tuvuga ibintu bifasha mu isuku nk’ibikoresho bifasha mu isuku, birimo imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti yica udukoko, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, n’ibindi. Ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa bigabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:

Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe: fosfeti (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate, nibindi), fosfeti z’umwimerere (ATMP, HEDP, EDTMP, nibindi), alkanolamine (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, nibindi), amino carboxylates (NTA, EDTA, nibindi), hydroxyl carboxylates (citrate, tartrate, gluconates, nibindi), aside polyacrylic n’ibiyikomokaho (maleic-acrylic copolymer), nibindi;

Ibuza kwangirika kw'imirasire: ubwoko bwa filime ya okiside (chromates, nitrites, molybdates, tungstates, borates, nibindi), ubwoko bwa filime y'imvura (phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, nibindi), ubwoko bwa filime y'inyunganiramirire (silicate, amines organic, aside carboxylic organic, petroleum sulfonates, thiourea, urotropine, imidazoles, thiazoles, benzotriazoles, nibindi);

Ibikoresho byo gukangura: organosilicon, organosilicon yahinduwe na polyether, ibikoresho byo gukangura bidafite silicon, nibindi.

1.3 Guhitamo Surfactants

Surfactants igira uruhare runini mu isuku y’inganda. Ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’ubuso bw’iyi sisitemu, ikongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu gicuruzwa, kandi igatuma isuku yinjira vuba imbere mu mwanda. Ifite kandi ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza no gushonga ku mavuta yasukuwe.

Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura ibintu bigabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:

Ibitari ionic: alkylphenol ethoxylates (NP/OP/ TX series), fatty alcohol ethoxylates (AEO series), isomer alcohol ethoxylates (XL/XP/TO series), secondary alcohol ethoxylates (SAEO series), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether series (PE/RPE series), alkyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene ether capped series, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters (EL), fatty amine polyoxyethylene ethers (AC), acetylenic diol ethoxylates, alkyl glycosides series, nibindi;

Anionic: sulfonates (alkylbenzene sulfonates LAS, α-olefin sulfonates AOS, alkyl sulfonates SAS, succinate sulfonates OT, aside fatty ester sulfonates MES, nibindi), sulfate esters (K12, AES, nibindi), phosphate esters (alkyl phosphates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, nibindi), carboxylates (umunyu wa aside fatty, nibindi);

Cationic: umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary (1631, 1231, nibindi);
Iyoni za amphoterike: betaines (BS, CAB, nibindi), aside amine; okiside za ammonium (OB, nibindi), imidazolines.