Surfactants bivuga ibintu bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'umuti ugamije, muri rusange bifite amatsinda adahinduka y'amazi n'afite lipophilic ashobora gushyirwa mu cyerekezo ku buso bw'umuti. Surfactants zigizwe ahanini n'ibyiciro bibiri: ionic surfactants n'inon surfactants. Ionic surfactants zirimo kandi ubwoko butatu: anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, na zwitterionic surfactants.
Igice cyo hejuru cy'uruhererekane rw'inganda zikora surfactant ni ugutanga ibikoresho fatizo nka ethylene, alcohol zirimo ibinure, aside irike, amavuta ya palme, na ethylene oxide; Igice cyo hagati gishinzwe gukora no gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye, harimo polyols, polyoxyethylene ethers, ether sulfates zirimo alcohol zirimo ibinure, nibindi; Munsi y'uruziga, gikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nko mu biribwa, mu kwisiga, mu nganda, mu gucapa no gusiga amarangi, no mu kumesa.
Urebye ku isoko ryo hasi, inganda zikora isuku ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gukora isuku, zigatanga ibirenze 50% by'ibikenewe mu gihe kiri imbere. Iby'ubwiza, gusukura inganda, gucapa no gusiga amarangi ku myenda byose bigira hafi 10%. Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeje ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa no kwaguka k'umusaruro w'inganda, umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa by'isuku byakomeje kuzamuka. Mu 2022, umusaruro w'isuku mu Bushinwa warenze toni miliyoni 4.25, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka bugera kuri 4%, naho ingano y'ibicuruzwa yari toni miliyoni 4.2, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka bugera kuri 2%.
Ubushinwa ni igihugu gikomeye mu gukora ibintu bikozwe mu buryo bwa surfactants. Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, ibicuruzwa byacu byagiye bimenyekana buhoro buhoro ku isoko mpuzamahanga bitewe n'ubwiza bwabyo n'imikorere yabyo, kandi bifite isoko ryagutse mu mahanga. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ingano y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga yakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2022, ingano y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yari toni zigera ku 870000, ubwiyongere bwa 20% buri mwaka, ahanini byoherezwaga mu bihugu n'uturere nk'Uburusiya, Ubuyapani, Filipine, Vietnam, Indoneziya, n'ibindi.
Ukurikije imiterere y'umusaruro, umusaruro w'ibinyabutabire bitari ionic mu Bushinwa mu 2022 ni toni miliyoni 2.1, bingana na hafi 50% by'umusaruro wose w'ibinyabutabire, biza ku mwanya wa mbere. Umusaruro w'ibinyabutabire bya anionic ni toni miliyoni 1.7, bingana na 40%, biza ku mwanya wa kabiri. Ibyo byombi ni byo bicuruzwa by'ingenzi by'ibinyabutabire.
Mu myaka ishize, igihugu cyashyizeho politiki nka "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya surfactant", "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw'inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusukura amazi mu Bushinwa", na "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu yo guteza imbere inganda zikora surfactant" kugira ngo habeho ibidukikije byiza by'iterambere ku nganda zikora surfactant, guteza imbere impinduka no kuvugurura inganda, no guteza imbere ibidukikije, kurengera ibidukikije, no kunoza ubwiza bwabyo.
Kuri ubu, hari abitabira isoko benshi, kandi irushanwa mu nganda rirakomeye cyane. Kuri ubu, haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu nganda zikora surfactants, nk'ikoranabuhanga rishaje mu gukora, ibikoresho byo kurengera ibidukikije bidakora neza, ndetse no kutagira ibikoresho by'agaciro gahagije. Inganda ziracyafite umwanya munini mu iterambere. Mu gihe kizaza, hakurikijwe politiki z'igihugu no guhitamo kubaho no gukuraho isoko, kwihuza no gukuraho ibigo mu nganda zikora surfactants bizarushaho kwiyongera, kandi byitezwe ko umubare w'inganda uziyongera cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 10-2023