Surfactants bivuga ibintu bishobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwubuso bwibisubizo byateganijwe, mubisanzwe bifite hydrophilique na lipofilique bihamye bishobora gutondekwa muburyo bwerekezo hejuru yumuti. Surfactants zirimo ibyiciro bibiri: surfactants ionic na surfactants zitari ionic. Ionic surfactants kandi irimo ubwoko butatu: Surfactants ya anionic, surfactants cationic, na zwitterionic surfactants.
Inzira yo hejuru yinganda zinganda ni ugutanga ibikoresho fatizo nka Ethylene, alcool yuzuye amavuta, aside irike, amavuta yintoki, na okiside ya Ethylene; Hagati yo hagati ishinzwe gukora no gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye, harimo polyol, polyoxyethylene ethers, inzoga zuzuye amavuta ether sulfate, nibindi; Hasi, ikoreshwa cyane mubice nkibiryo, kwisiga, gusukura inganda, gucapa imyenda no gusiga amarangi, no gukaraba.
Uhereye kumasoko yamanuka, inganda zikoresha niwo murima wingenzi wibikorwa bya surfactants, bingana na 50% byibisabwa hasi. Amavuta yo kwisiga, gusukura inganda, no gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi hafi 10%. Iterambere rikomeje ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa no kwagura umusaruro w’inganda, umusaruro rusange n’igurisha ry’ibicuruzwa byakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2022, umusaruro wa surfactants mu Bushinwa warenze toni miliyoni 4.25, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho hafi 4%, kandi ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byari hafi toni miliyoni 4.2, umwaka ushize byiyongera hafi 2%.
Ubushinwa nigihugu gikora ibintu byinshi. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, ibicuruzwa byacu byagiye bimenyekana buhoro buhoro kumasoko mpuzamahanga kubera ubwiza nibikorwa byiza, kandi bifite isoko ryagutse mumahanga. Mu myaka yashize, ubwinshi bwoherezwa mu mahanga bwakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2022, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa byari hafi toni 870000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 20%, ahanini byoherezwa mu bihugu no mu turere nk'Uburusiya, Ubuyapani, Filipine, Vietnam, Indoneziya, n'ibindi.
Dufatiye ku miterere y’umusaruro, umusaruro w’ibikoresho bitari ionic mu Bushinwa mu 2022 ni toni zigera kuri miliyoni 2.1, bingana na 50% by’umusaruro wose w’ibicuruzwa, biza ku mwanya wa mbere. Umusaruro wa anionic surfactants ni toni miliyoni 1.7, bingana na 40%, biza kumwanya wa kabiri. Byombi nibicuruzwa byingenzi bigabanywa bya surfactants.
Mu myaka yashize, iki gihugu cyasohoye politiki nka "Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’inganda zikora neza", "Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa", na "Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’iterambere ry’inganda z’ibidukikije" kugira ngo habeho ibidukikije byiza by’iterambere ry’inganda zidasanzwe, biteza imbere impinduka z’ibidukikije ndetse no kuzamura ibidukikije.
Kugeza ubu, hari benshi bitabiriye isoko, kandi amarushanwa yinganda arakaze. Kugeza ubu, haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu nganda zidasanzwe, nk'ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku bicuruzwa bishaje, ibikoresho byo kurengera ibidukikije bitujuje ubuziranenge, ndetse n'ibicuruzwa bidahagije byongerewe agaciro. Inganda ziracyafite umwanya witerambere. Mu bihe biri imbere, iyobowe na politiki y’igihugu no guhitamo kubaho no kurandura isoko, guhuza no kurandura imishinga mu nganda zidasanzwe bizagenda byiyongera, kandi biteganijwe ko inganda zizakomeza kwiyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-10-2023