Gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ni igikorwa cyo gutegura ibikoresho fatizo byo gushongesha ibyuma no gukora imiti. Gutunganya ifuro byabaye bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Hafi ya buri mutungo wose w'amabuye y'agaciro ushobora gutandukanywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ifu.
Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro (Flotation) bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ya feri yiganjemo icyuma na manganese, nka hematite, smithsonite, na ilmenite; amabuye y'agaciro ya feri nka zahabu na feza; amabuye y'agaciro ya feri atari feri arimo umuringa, icyuma cy'ubutare, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, na antimoni, nk'amabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide nka galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, na pentlandite, ndetse n'amabuye y'agaciro ya oxide nka malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, na wolframite; amabuye y'agaciro atari icyuma nka fluorite, apatite, na barite; n'amabuye y'agaciro ashongeshwa nka sylvite n'umunyu w'amabuye. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro atari icyuma na silicates, harimo amakara, grafiti, sulfur, diyama, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, na spodumene.
Flotation imaze kugira uburambe bwinshi mu bijyanye no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga. Ndetse n'amabuye y'agaciro yo mu rwego rwo hasi kandi agoye mu miterere yayo mbere yafatwaga nk'adashobora gukoreshwa mu nganda ubu ashobora kugaruzwa no gukoreshwa (nk'umutungo wa kabiri) binyuze mu kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro.
Uko umutungo w’amabuye y’agaciro ugenda urushaho kuba muke, aho amabuye y’agaciro y’ingirakamaro akwirakwizwa neza kandi mu buryo butandukanye mu mabuye y’agaciro, ingorane zo kuyatandukanya ziyongera. Kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya, inganda nka metallurgie na shimi zisaba amahame meza y’ubuziranenge n’ubuhanga ku bikoresho fatizo bitunganywa, ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hakenewe kunoza ireme; ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro bugenda burushaho kugaragaza inyungu kurusha ubundi buryo mu gukemura ikibazo cy'amabuye y'agaciro atoroshye kuyatandukanya. Yabaye uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro bukoreshwa cyane kandi butanga icyizere muri iki gihe. Mbere na mbere bwakoreshejwe ku mabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide, uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro bwagiye bukwirakwira buhoro buhoro bugera ku mabuye y'agaciro ya oxide, amabuye y'agaciro atari ay'icyuma, n'andi. Kuri ubu, amatoni miliyari y'amabuye y'agaciro atunganywa binyuze mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ku isi buri mwaka.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ntirikigarukira gusa ku buhanga bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ahubwo ryagutse kugeza ku kurengera ibidukikije, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibyuma, gukora impapuro, ubuhinzi, imiti, ibiribwa, ibikoresho, ubuvuzi, n'ibinyabuzima.
Urugero, flotation ikoreshwa mu kugarura ibintu by'ingirakamaro bivuye mu bicuruzwa biri hagati bya pyrometallurgy, volatiques, na slags; mu kugarura ibisigazwa by'amazi n'ibicuruzwa byakuwe mu mazi; mu gukuramo impapuro zasubiwemo na fibre mu mazi y'imyanda ya pulp mu nganda zikora imiti; no mu gukura peteroli nini mu mucanga wo ku nkengero z'uruzi, gutandukanya imyanda mito, colloids, bagiteri, n'imyanda y'icyuma mu myanda, ari byo bikorwa bisanzwe mu buhanga mu bidukikije.
Hamwe n'impinduka mu mikorere n'uburyo bwo kuzenguruka, ndetse no kugaragara kw'ibikoresho bishya kandi binoze byo kuzenguruka, kuzenguruka bizakoreshwa cyane mu nganda no mu nzego nyinshi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ikoreshwa ry'imikoreshereze y'ikirere risaba ikiguzi kinini cyo gutunganya ibintu bitewe n'ibikoresho bisimburana (ugereranije no gutandukanya ingufu za rukuruzi n'uburemere); ibisabwa bikomeye ku bunini bw'uduce tw'ibiryo; ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ikirere, bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse; hamwe n'amazi mabi arimo ibintu bisigaye bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-26-2025