Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho byo gusukura mu nganda

1.Gusukura mu nganda

Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, yerekeza ku nzira mu nganda yo gukuraho imyanda (umwanda) igaragara ku buso bw’ibintu bikomoka ku bintu bifatika, ibinyabutabire, ibinyabuzima n’ibindi, kugira ngo ubuso busubire uko bwari bumeze mbere. Gusukura mu nganda bigirwaho ingaruka ahanini n’ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi: ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura, ibikoresho byo gusukura n’ibikoresho byo gusukura. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura rigizwe ahanini na: (1) Gusukura imiti, birimo gukaraba, gukaraba alkali, gusukura ibintu bishongesha, nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwo gusukura busanzwe busaba gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusukura hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gusukura. Mu isuku isanzwe yo mu nganda, ubu bwoko bwo gusukura bufite ikiguzi gito, ni bwihuse kandi bworoshye, kandi bumaze igihe kinini bukoreshwa; (2) Gusukura umubiri, harimo gusukura amazi akoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi, gusukura umwuka uhungabanya, gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, gusukura amashanyarazi, gusukura hakoreshejwe amasasu, gusukura umucanga, gusukura urubura rwumutse, gusukura hakoreshejwe imashini, nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwo gusukura bukoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho byo gusukura, hamwe n’amazi meza, uduce duto, nibindi mu gusukura. Bugira ubushobozi bwo gusukura bwinshi, ariko muri rusange ibikoresho birahenze kandi ikiguzi cyo kubikoresha ntabwo kiri hasi; (3) Gusukura ibinyabuzima bikoresha imbaraga zikomoka ku binyabuzima mu gusukura, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mu gusukura imyenda n'imiyoboro. Ariko, bitewe n'ibisabwa byihariye ku bikorwa bya enzymes za binyabuzima, aho bikoreshwa ni hato cyane. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho byo gusukura mu nganda, kandi ibisanzwe ni ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku mazi, ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku gice cy'amazi n'ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku binyabutabire. Bitewe no kongera ubumenyi ku bidukikije, ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku binyabutabire birimo gusimburwa buhoro buhoro, kandi ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku mazi bizafata umwanya munini. Ibintu byo gusukura bishingiye ku mazi bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byo gusukura bya alkaline, ibikoresho byo gusukura aside n'ibikoresho byo gusukura bidafite aho bibogamiye hakurikijwe agaciro ka pH gatandukanye. Ibintu byo gusukura birimo gutera imbere hagamijwe kurengera ibidukikije, gukora neza cyane, kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama, ibi bikaba bitanga ibisabwa bikurikira kuri byo: ibikoresho byo gusukura bishingiye ku mazi bisimbura isuku gakondo ya solvent; ibikoresho byo gusukura ntabwo birimo fosifore, bifite azote nkeya cyangwa nta azote irimo, kandi ntibirimo ibyuma biremereye n'ibindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije; ibikoresho byo gusukura bigomba kandi gutera imbere mu buryo bworoshye (kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu), gukora no kwibanda; imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gusukura irushaho kuba myiza, byaba byiza iyo bigeze ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba; Igiciro cy'umusaruro w'ibikoresho byo gusukura kiri hasi kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ku bakiriya.

2. Amahame yo gushushanya isuku ishingiye ku mazi

Mbere yo gushushanya formula y'ibikoresho byo gusukura, dukunze gushyira ibintu bihumanya mu byiciro. Ibintu bihumanya bisanzwe bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gusukura.

(1) Imyanda ishobora gushonga mu buryo bwa aside, alkali, cyangwa enzyme: Iyi myanda yoroshye kuyikuraho. Kuri bene iyo myanda, dushobora guhitamo aside, alkali, cyangwa
enzymes, uzitegure mu buryo bw'ibisubizo, hanyuma uzikuremo ubwandu mu buryo butaziguye.

(2) Imyanda ishongesha mu mazi: Imyanda nk'iyi, nk'umunyu ushongesha, isukari, n'ibinyampeke, ishobora gushonga no gukurwa ku butaka hakoreshejwe uburyo nko kubyinika mu mazi, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, no gutera imiti.

(3) Imyanda ishobora gushonga mu mazi: Imyanda nka sima, gypsum, lime, n'umukungugu ishobora gutoseshwa, gukwirakwizwa, no gushyirwa mu mazi kugira ngo ivanweho hifashishijwe imbaraga za mekanike z'ibikoresho byo gusukura, ibikoresho bishonga mu mazi, ibikoresho bitonyanga, nibindi.

(4) Umwanda udashonga mu mazi: Imyanda nk'amavuta n'ibishishwa bigomba gushonga, gushonga, no gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bwihariye hifashishijwe imbaraga zo hanze, inyongeramusaruro, n'ibishongesha kugira ngo bive ku buso bw'ubutaka, bikore ahantu hakwirakwira, kandi bikurwe ku buso bw'ubutaka. Ariko, imyanda myinshi ntibaho mu buryo bumwe ahubwo ivangwa hamwe kandi igafata ku buso cyangwa mu bwihisho bw'ubutaka. Hari igihe, bitewe n'ingaruka zo hanze, ishobora kubira, kubora, cyangwa igahinduka ibihumyo, bigatuma imyanda irushaho kuba igoye. Ariko nubwo yaba ari imyanda ikora binyuze mu guhuza imiti cyangwa imyanda ikora binyuze mu guhuza umubiri, kuyisukura neza igomba kunyura mu ntambwe enye z'ingenzi: gushonga, kuvoma, gushonga no gukwirakwira, no guhonyora.