Imiterere n'Ibiranga bya Cationic Surfactants ebyiri

Imiterere y'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi itandukanye n'iy'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi, bityo imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi .... Mu bijyanye n'ubwiza, ikoreshwa muri rusange nk'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi, imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi ikoreshwa mu gukamura imisatsi

1. Umunyu w'ibinure bya amine

Amine z'ibinure muri rusange ni ishingiro ry'ibinyabuzima. Nta ruganda rutanga umusaruro mu bisubizo bidafite aho bibogamiye, nta gikorwa cyo hejuru cya cationic kirimo, kandi ziroroka cyane iyo pH irenze 7. Umunyu wa amine wa gatatu uboneka binyuze mu kugabanya imbaraga hamwe na aside inorganic cyangwa organic uba ufite ubushobozi bwo gushonga bihagije kandi uzwi neza nk'ibintu bifasha mu gushonga. Umunyu w'umwimerere muri rusange ushongesha cyane mu mazi kurusha umunyu inorganic. Ntukunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bisukura no mu gusukura.

Umunyu wa ammonium utari uwa quaternary ukunda cyane pH, iyoni nyinshi, na electrolytes. Amine za ethoxylated, zikorwa na ethoxylation ya amines zirimo ibinure, ni surfactants zishobora kuba zihuye na surfactants za cationic nyuma yo guhindura pH kandi zikagira detergent nziza. Iyo amines zirimo ibinure ziciwe hakoreshejwe aside salicylic cyangwaα-aside ya chlorobenzoic, imikorere yayo ishobora kongerwa. Ibigize ammonium ya quaternary mu bigize amines z'ibinure ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora surfactants za cationic.

Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternary ufite ubushobozi bwo kuguma mu bintu bivanze n'aside cyangwa alkaline (munsi ya 100°C). Gushonga kw'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary bifitanye isano n'uburebure bw'umunyururu wa alkyl; uko umunyururu uba muremure, niko gushonga kw'amazi kugabanuka. Umunyu wa ammonium wa C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ntushonga neza mu mazi, ushonga mu byuma bishonga, kandi ntushonga mu byuma bishonga. Umunyu wa ammonium wa Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ushonga mu byuma bishonga kandi ntushonga mu mazi.

Imirimo yihariye y’umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary iri mu kwinjiza kwayo ku buso bufite ingufu nke ndetse n’ingaruka zayo zo kwica bagiteri no kwica udukoko. Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ko kwivanga n’ibintu bitera anionic surfactants, oxydes, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolini, poroteyine, na polymer zimwe na zimwe bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zabyo zo kwica bagiteri cyangwa bigatera ubushuhe.

Uburyo imyunyungugu ya alkyl quaternary ammonium ishonga bifitanye isano n'amatsinda akunda amazi; uko amatsinda akunda amazi menshi, niko amazi arushaho gushonga neza. Igice cya 5% cya isopropanol cyangwa igisubizo cy'amazi cya 10% gifite pH ya 6-9. Gifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka neza mu binyabutabire, kirwanya urumuri, ubushyuhe, aside ikomeye, na alkali zikomeye, kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu kirere, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya static, ingaruka zo kwica bagiteri (C12-C16 ni yo ikora neza cyane), kandi kirwanya ingese neza. Imyunyungugu ya alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium ifite amatsinda abiri maremare ya alkyl nk'amatsinda akunda hydrophobic, agaragaza uburyo bworoshye, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya static, ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwo kwica bagiteri, ndetse n'ingaruka nziza zo kunywesha no gushonga. Ntizitera ubukana cyane nka alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa cationic munsi ya aside nke, kandi zikora ibintu bitari ionic munsi y'imiterere ya neutral na alkaline.

2. Umunyu wa Alkyl imidazoline

Alkyl imidazoline ni umusaruro ukorwa n'uburyo aside irike ikora hamwe na ethylenediamines zisimbura. Amide ethylamine ikorwa no gushyushya (ubusanzwe kuri 220 ~ 240℃) ihinduka alkyl imidazoline.

Alkyl imidazoline ni amine ya monocyclic tertiary amine kandi ni ishingiro riciriritse. Ni surfactant isanzwe ya cationic ishobora kwinjizwa neza ku buso bushyushye nabi, nk'umusatsi, uruhu, amenyo, ikirahure, impapuro, fibres, ibyuma, n'ibikoresho birimo silikoni. Umunyu ukozwe muri aside ishongera mu mazi ukunda gukora gels ku rugero rwo hejuru. Asetatike, nikotine, fosfeti, na sulfates birashongera mu mazi, mu gihe umunyu wazo wa aside irike y'uruhererekane rurerure ushongera mu mavuta. Ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubika neza mu gihe idahumeka, ariko kristu zishobora kwihuta nyuma yo kubika cyangwa kubika igihe kirekire mu bushyuhe buke, kandi ishobora gusubira mu mimerere imwe iyo ishyushye kandi ivanze. Gukorana n'amazi cyangwa ubushuhe bizatera hydrolysis buhoro buhoro, bigahindura imikorere yayo. Gushyushya igihe kirekire, ndetse n'igihe ubushyuhe buzamutse bukagera kuri dogere 165℃, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ihora imeze neza, ariko ibara rizahinduka. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ko alkyl imidazoline ari ishingiro riringaniye, itera ububabare ku ruhu no ku maso cyane, mu gihe umunyu wa alkyl imidazoline wagabanyije ububabare cyane.