Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi mu mazi ni bwo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusesengura isano iri hagati y’imiterere ya surfactant n’uburyo ikwirakwira. Nk’uduce tw’ingenzi duto duto duto duto, dushobora kwinjiza amatsinda ya surfactant atoba mu mazi. Ku bijyanye na surfactants anionic, amatsinda atoba mu mazi areba inyuma arahungana bitewe n’imbaraga zimwe. Biragaragara ko ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza kwa surfactants bwiyongera uko umugozi utoba mu mazi ugenda urushaho kumera, bityo surfactants zifite imigozi miremire ya karuboni zigaragaza uburyo bwo kwinjiza neza kurusha izifite imigozi migufi.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga kw'ibinyabutabire mu mazi bikunze kongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi, bityo bigagabanya uburyo bijya ku buso bw'uduce. Iyi ngaruka irushaho kugaragara iyo imbaraga zo gukorana hagati y'ibinyabutabire n'uduce duto. Urugero, mu gutegura sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza irangi ry'amazi, ibinyabutabire bya lignosulfonate bifite sulfonate nyinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mu irangi rito ridafite sulfonate cyane kugira ngo habeho sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ifite ubushyuhe bwiza. Ariko, gukoresha ibinyabutabire bimwe mu binyabutabire bitanga ubushyuhe buke; mu buryo bunyuranye, gukoresha ibinyabutabire bya lignosulfonate bifite sulfonation nkeya bitanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bufite ubushyuhe bwiza. Impamvu ni uko ibinyabutabire bifite sulfonation nyinshi bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma byoroha kuva ku buso bw'ibinyabutabire bifite hydrophilic, aho imikoranire ya mbere iba isanzwe idakomeye, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gushonga.
Iyo uduce twatatanye ubwatwo dufite ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi hagatoranywa surfactant ifite ingufu zinyuranyije, gukurura bishobora kubaho mbere yuko ingufu kuri utwo duce zigabanuka. Nyuma y'uko igice cya kabiri cya surfactant cyinjijwe ku duce twatakajwe charge niho hashobora gukwirakwira neza. Iyo surfactant ifite ingufu zisa iratoranywa, gushyira surfactant ku duce biragorana; mu buryo nk'ubwo, gushyira surfactant ihagije kugira ngo ikwirakwira neza igerwaho gusa iyo hari ingano nyinshi. Mu by'ukuri, imashini zikwirakwiza ionic zikoreshwa akenshi ziba zirimo amatsinda menshi ya ionic akwirakwijwe.mu gice cyose cya surfactant, mu gihe amatsinda yabo adafite aho ahuriye n'amazi agizwe n'iminyururu ya hydrocarbon idafite amazi hamwe n'amatsinda ya polar nk'impeta zihumura cyangwa imigozi ya ether.
Ku bijyanye na surfactants za polyoxyethylene nonionic, imiyoboro ya polyoxyethylene ifite amazi menshi igera mu gice cy’amazi mu buryo buzinze, bigatuma habaho imbogamizi ikomeye yo kwirinda kwishyira hamwe kw’uduce duto. Hagati aho, imiyoboro minini kandi ifite amazi menshi ya oxyethylene igabanya cyane imbaraga za van der Waals hagati y’uduce, bigatuma tuba uduce twinshi duto. Copolymers zo mu gice cya propylene oxide na ethylene oxide zikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa nk’uduce duto. Imiyoboro yabo miremire ya polyoxyethylene yongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi, mu gihe uduce twayo twa polypropylene oxide hydrophobic dutuma amazi arushaho gushonga; bityo, copolymers zifite imiyoboro miremire y’ibice byombi ni nziza cyane nk’uduce duto.
Iyo surfactants za ionic na nonionic zihujwe, sisitemu ivanze ntabwo ituma gusa molekile zishobora kugera mu gice cy’amazi, zigakora uruzitiro rwa steric rubuza kwishyira hamwe kw’uduce, ahubwo inanongera imbaraga za filime ihuza uduce tw’ingenzi. Bityo, kuri sisitemu ivanze, igihe cyose ukwiyongera kw’uduce tw’amazi mu gice cy’amazi bitabuza cyane kwinjizwa kwatwo ku buso bw’uduce, dispersant ifite imiyoboro miremire ya hydrophobic izagaragaza imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2025