Ibintu byinshi byakozwe mu buryo bwa shimi byangiza ibidukikije bitewe nuko bitabora neza, uburozi, ndetse no kwibumbira mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibintu bya biology—birangwa no kubora byoroshye no kudahumanya ibidukikije—bikwiriye cyane mu kugenzura umwanda mu buhanga mu by'ibidukikije. Urugero, bishobora gukora nk'ibintu bikusanya amazi mu miyoboro y'amazi mabi, bigakurura uduce twa colloidal dufite ingufu kugira ngo bikureho iyoni z'ibyuma bihumanya, cyangwa bigashyirwa ahantu handuye n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera n'ibyuma biremereye.
1. Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi yanduye?
Mu gihe cyo kuvura amazi yanduye hakoreshejwe ibinyabuzima, iyoni z’icyuma gikaze zikunze gukumira cyangwa zigatera uburozi udukoko mu myanda irimo. Kubwibyo, mbere yo kuvura ni ngombwa iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa biology mu kuvura amazi yanduye arimo iyoni z’icyuma gikaze. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo kuvura hidroksidi bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukura iyoni z’icyuma gikaze mu mazi yanduye, ariko ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kuvura bugengwa n’uburyo hydroxide ishonga, bigatuma ingaruka zifatika zitaba nziza. Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo kuvura hidroksidi bukunze kugabanywa bitewe no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukusanya amazi (urugero: sodium dodecyl sulfate ikozwe mu buryo bw’imiti) bigoye kwangirika mu byiciro bikurikira byo kuvura, bigatera umwanda wa kabiri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hakenewe gushyiraho ubundi buryo bworoshye kubora no kudahumanya ibidukikije - kandi ibyo binyabuzima bifite ibyo byiza.
2. Gukoresha mu kuvura indwara zandurira mu binyabuzima?
Mu gukoresha udukoko kugira ngo dutere imbere kwangirika kw'imyanda ihumanya ikirere bityo tugatunganya ibidukikije byanduye, ibintu bihindura imiterere y'ibinyabuzima bitanga ubushobozi bunini bwo gutunganya ahantu handuye ibidukikije. Ibi biterwa nuko bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye bivuye mu mufa w'ibirungo, bigakuraho ikiguzi kijyanye no gutandukanya, gukuramo no gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
2.1 Kongera kwangirika kwa Alkanes?
Alkanes ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigize peteroli. Mu gihe cyo gushakisha peteroli, kuyikuramo, kuyitwara, kuyitunganya no kuyibika, peteroli iva mu butaka n'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka ihumanya ikirere. Kugira ngo yihutishe iyangirika rya alkane, kongeramo ibintu bitera ubwiza bw'ibinyabuzima bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kubora kw'ibintu bitera ubwiyongere bw'ibinyabuzima, kongera umubare w'udukoko, bityo bikanongera umuvuduko wo kwangirika kwa alkane.
2.2 Kongera Igabanuka rya Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)Ese?
PAH zarushijeho kwitabwaho cyane bitewe n’ “ingaruka eshatu zitera kanseri” (zitera kanseri, zitera indwara, na zitagenic). Ibihugu byinshi byazishyize mu byiciro nk’ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kwangirika kwa mikorobe ari yo nzira y’ibanze yo gukura PAH mu bidukikije, kandi kwangirika kwazo kugabanuka uko umubare w’impeta za benzene wiyongera: PAH zifite impeta eshatu cyangwa nkeya zoroshye kwangirika, mu gihe izifite impeta enye cyangwa nyinshi bigorana kuzivunika.
2.3 Gukuraho ibyuma biremereye bifite uburozi?
Uburyo bwo kwanduza ibyuma biremereye bifite uburozi mu butaka burangwa no guhisha, guhagarara neza no kudasubira inyuma, bigatuma gusana ubutaka bwandujwe n’ibyuma biremereye biba ubushakashatsi bumaze igihe kirekire mu nzego z’ubushakashatsi. Uburyo buriho bwo gukuramo ibyuma biremereye mu butaka burimo kuvusha, guhagarika/gutuza, no kuvura ubushyuhe. Nubwo kuvusha bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki, bisaba akazi gakomeye k’ubuhanga n’ibiciro biri hejuru. Uburyo bwo kubuza kugenda bushobora gusubizwa inyuma, bigasaba gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo bwo kuvura nyuma yo kubukoresha. Gukoresha ubushyuhe bibereye gusa ibyuma biremereye bifite uburozi (urugero: mercure). Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe ibinyabuzima buhendutse bwagize iterambere ryihuse. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abashakashatsi batangiye gukoresha ibintu bidafite uburozi mu bidukikije kugira ngo bavure ubutaka bwandujwe n’ibyuma biremereye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2025