Imiti myinshi ikomatanya imiti yangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bitewe nubuzima bubi bwibinyabuzima, uburozi, hamwe nubushake bwo kwirundanya mubidukikije. Ibinyuranye na byo, ibinyabuzima byangiza-birangwa no kwangiza ibinyabuzima byoroshye no kutangiza ubumara bw’ibidukikije - bikwiranye no kurwanya umwanda mu buhanga bw’ibidukikije. Kurugero, zirashobora kuba nk'ikusanyirizo rya flotation mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi mabi, kwinjirira mubice bito byitwa colloidal kugirango bikureho ioni yuburozi, cyangwa bigashyirwa mubikorwa byo gukosora byandujwe n’ibintu kama n’ibyuma biremereye.
1. Gusaba muburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi?
Iyo utunganya amazi mabi mubinyabuzima, ion zicyuma ziremereye akenshi zibuza cyangwa uburozi bwa mikorobe mumyanda ikora. Kubwibyo, kwitegura ni ngombwa mugihe ukoresheje uburyo bwibinyabuzima mugutunganya amazi mabi arimo ion ziremereye. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kugwa bwa hydroxide bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ioni ziremereye mu mazi y’amazi, ariko imikorere y’imvura igarukira ku gukomera kwa hydroxide, bikavamo ingaruka zifatika. Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwa Flotation, akenshi burabujijwe kubera gukoresha ibyegeranyo bya flotation (urugero, sofactant sodium dodecyl sulfate ya chimique ikomatanya imiti) bigoye guteshwa agaciro mubyiciro byakurikiyeho byo kuvura, biganisha ku mwanda wa kabiri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hakenewe gutezimbere ubundi buryo bworoshye bworoshye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije kandi butangiza ubumara-kandi ibinyabuzima byangiza biologiya bifite inyungu nziza.
2. Gusaba muri Bioremediation?
Muri gahunda yo gukoresha mikorobe kugira ngo itume iyangirika ry’imyanda ihumanya bityo ikosore ibidukikije byanduye, ibinyabuzima byangiza ibidukikije bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo kwangiza ibibanza byanduye. Ni ukubera ko zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu musemburo wa fermentation, zikuraho ikiguzi kijyanye no gutandukana kwa surfactant, gukuramo, no kweza ibicuruzwa.
2.1 Gutezimbere Impanuka ya Alkane?
Alkane nibintu byibanze bya peteroli. Mugihe cyo gushakisha peteroli, kuyikuramo, kuyitwara, kuyitunganya, no kuyibika, byanze bikunze isohoka rya peteroli ryanduza ubutaka namazi yubutaka. Kwihutisha iyangirika rya alkane, kongeramo ibinyabuzima bishobora kongera hydrophilicity na biodegradabilite ya hydrophobique, kongera umubare wa mikorobe, bityo bikazamura igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa alkane.
2.2 Gutezimbere Impanuka ya Hydrocarbone ya Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbone (PAHs)?
PAHs yarushijeho kwitabwaho kubera “ingaruka eshatu za kanseri” (kanseri, teratogene, na mutagenic). Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu byiciro byangiza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwangirika kwa mikorobe ari inzira yambere yo kuvana PAH mu bidukikije, kandi iyangirika ryayo rigabanuka uko umubare w’impeta ya benzene wiyongera: PAHs ifite impeta eshatu cyangwa nkeya zangirika ku buryo bworoshye, mu gihe abafite impeta enye cyangwa nyinshi zigoye gucika.
2.3 Kuraho Ibyuma Byinshi Byuburozi?
Uburyo bwo kwanduza ubutare buremereye bwubutaka burangwa no guhisha, gutekana, no kudasubira inyuma, bigatuma gutunganya ubutaka buremereye bwanduye bwanduye ubushakashatsi bwibanze muri kaminuza. Uburyo bugezweho bwo kuvana ibyuma biremereye mubutaka harimo vitrification, immobilisation / stabilisation, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe. Mugihe vitrifasique ishoboka muburyo bwa tekiniki, ikubiyemo imirimo myinshi yubwubatsi nigiciro kinini. Immobilisation inzira irahindurwa, bisaba guhora ukurikirana imiti ivura nyuma yo gusaba. Ubuvuzi bushyushye burakwiriye gusa ibyuma biremereye bihindagurika (urugero, mercure). Nkigisubizo, uburyo buhendutse bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima bwabonye iterambere ryihuse. Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi batangiye gukoresha ibinyabuzima bidafite ubumara bwangiza ibidukikije kugirango bakosore ubutaka bwanduye bwanduye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2025